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Ancient rome Flashcards

aediles

1
Q

aediles

A

those in the Roman government responsible for maintaining Rome and holding public games

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1
Q

amphitheatre

A

an oval or circular building, with rows of seats rising around a central open area, used for public contests or games

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2
Q

aqueduct

A

a built structure carrying a channel for supplying water over a long distance

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3
Q

atrium

A

central courtyard of a Roman house, square or rectangular in shape and open to the sky

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4
Q

auxiliaries

A

non-Roman soldiers in the Roman army, such as local people from the provinces

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5
Q

census

A

the registration of citizens and their property for the purposes of taxation, conducted by censors

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6
Q

century

A

group of about 100 soldiers in the Roman army

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7
Q

civil war

A

a war between groups in the same country for control of the government

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8
Q

consuls

A

the two leading magistrates of Rome, who were elected for one year to govern the Republic and maintain law and order

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9
Q

deities

A

gods and goddesses worshipped by the Romans

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10
Q

dictator

A

a person appointed in a time of crisis to govern Rome for 6 months and assume total power

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11
Q

emperor

A

an emperor ruled over the Roman Empire, a person who gains this position by inheriting it and/or through military support.

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12
Q

empire

A

the collection of several countries or regions who have been taken over and are ruled by one governing power

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13
Q

equestrians

A

the wealthier members of the plebeian class who were involved in business or tax collecting

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14
Q

forum

A

the marketplace and business centre in a Roman city

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15
Q

gladiators

A

specially trained fighters who fought against each other or against animals to entertain the Romans

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16
Q

legion

A

the largest unit of foot soldiers in the Roman army; it could range from 3000 to 6000 men and was usually accompanied by cavalry.

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17
Q

magistrates

A

citizens elected to govern and make decisions on the administration of the country
monarchy: rule by a king or queen, who usually inherits the position

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18
Q

patricians

A

rich Roman citizens who were members of the original senatorial families of Rome, or those who were accepted into this group

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19
Q

plebeians

A

the ordinary people of Rome, made up of all those who were not patricians

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20
Q

praetors

A

people in the Roman government who commanded armies, ran the law courts and governed provinces

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21
Q

province

A

an area conquered by the Romans and ruled by a governor who was or had been a consul or praetor

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22
Q

Punic Wars

A

series of three wars between Rome and Carthage in the third and second centuries BC

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23
Q

republic

A

form of government in which the head of state is elected by the people; in the Roman Republic, the role of head of state was shared by two consuls

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24
Q

Senate

A

the supreme council in Rome during the Republic, made up of magistrates and ex-magistrates

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25
Q

toga

A

a loose outer garment worn by Roman citizens

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26
Q

The ——– legend of Romulus and Remus figures
largely in the foundation stories about Rome.

A

mythical

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27
Q

Rome
was named after ————-.

A

Romulus

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28
Q

Roman rule lasted —— years.

A

1000

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29
Q

Its legacy was a lasting
political, legal, ——— and social influence on Western
society and culture.

A

economic

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30
Q

By the ——— century AD, the Roman Empire had
expanded throughout Europe, Africa and Asia Minor –
creating a vast military and trade network.

A

second

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31
Q

The ——- covered 5 million square kilometres with
over 100 million people as its subjects.

A

empire

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32
Q

About a ———– people lived in Rome itself

A

million

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33
Q

Most empires are either named after the ruling ———— — such as the British and Portuguese empires — or named after a person — such as the empire of Alexander the Great.

A

country

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34
Q

The Roman Empire is one of the few named after a —-.

A

city

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35
Q

In the tenth century BCE, the ancestors of the Romans lived in huts on the —–Hill.

A

palatine

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36
Q

According to early histories, some of the kings who ruled over the Romans were ————-.

A

Etruscans

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37
Q

the population grew, and the Romans occupied the lower land between the hills and the ———-.

A

Tiber

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38
Q

Romans dated the foundation of their city to a legendary monarch, ————, in 753 BCE.

A

Romulus

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39
Q

During the 5th century BCE, Rome was ruled by Etruscan kings

A

Etruscan

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40
Q

It took just over 200 years for the Romans to take control of —–.

A

italy

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41
Q

The first 100 years were spent in extending control over northern Italy, including defeating the ——- who sacked Rome in 390 BC.

A

ghauls

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42
Q

The Romans also conquered groups in southern ——-

A

Italy

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43
Q

——— was located in North Africa, close to Italy.

A

Carthage

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44
Q

From 264 to 146 BC, Rome fought a series of wars with ———— for control of Sicily.

A

Carthage

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45
Q

With control of ———- and a settlement in North Africa, Rome was now in a position to take control over most of the land bordering the Mediterranean.

A

Italy

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46
Q

A struggle for power between two generals —————- and Julius Caesar — dominated the end of this period.

A

Pompey

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47
Q

Pompey was killed after being defeated in battle by ———— in 48 BC.

A

Julius Caesar

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48
Q

Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC by Romans who felt he was becoming too much like a ———-

A

king

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49
Q

Caesar’s assassination was followed by nearly 20 years of ————–.

A

civil war

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50
Q

The ——— Roman Empire was defeated by invaders from the north in the fifth century CE.

A

western

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51
Q

The Eastern Roman Empire developed into the ———– Empire, which lasted for another thousand years.

A

Byzantine

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52
Q

The heart of political and intellectual life was the ———–.

A

forum

53
Q

Around the sides of the ———- were many buildings that were
vital to the functioning of an imperial city.

A

forum

54
Q

what were the buildings around the forum?

A

The Curia
- The Records office
- Temples
- Basilicas

55
Q

The ————- of the Plebeians met in an open space in
front of the Curia.

A

assembly

56
Q

In front of the ———-, was a raised platform called the
rostrum.

A

curia

57
Q

Outside the ————, was the ‘assembly of the plebeians’
where they could vote and had a speaker on stage

A

curia

58
Q

Most of the population of a Roman city lived in ——————–in overcrowded apartments that could be up to 5
storeys high.

A

one or two
rooms

59
Q

Sometimes a family might ——, cook, eat and sleep in the
one room.

A

wash

60
Q

We can learn from the remains of ——–and Herculaneum
how the better – off Romans lived.

A

Pompeii

61
Q

The word ——— comes from the Latin word familia, meaning
household.

A

family

62
Q

Roman families had a ————- father figure at the head of
the family

A

paternalist

63
Q

The father was the head of the
———– and Roman law gave him complete authority over ALL
of the family.

A

family

64
Q

Roman women had to do as their fathers and ————- told
them.

A

husbands

65
Q

A ————- woman was known as a matrona.

A

married

66
Q

some religious festivals could
not be held if there were no ———– or ———– available to
celebrate.

A

women, matronae

67
Q

Women could also influence the ———- of their
husbands and sons.

A

political carrers

68
Q

In the early Roman Republic, children were ———- by their
parents at home

A

educated

69
Q

There is a record of a fee-paying school around 250 BCE, run
by a ——————-.
A) emperor
B) Greek person
C) Former Slave
D) Chicken

A

C) Former slave

70
Q

what did students in ancient Rome write on?

A

wax tablets and scrolls

71
Q

What time did classes begin?
1. Early morning and sometimes when dark
2. midnight and sometimes in evening

A
72
Q

Teachers were very strict and used the ————- or strap on their
pupils to make them learn

A

cane

73
Q

what did the Greek slaves consider important in lessons?

A

music and philosophy

74
Q

what did the roman consider important in lessons?

A

public speaking and law

75
Q
A

tunic

76
Q

————- tunics were short and without sleeves

A

men’s

77
Q

women’s
————- were long, covering their arms and legs.

A

tunics

78
Q

Married women (matronae) wore, over the top of their main
tunic, another sleeveless tunic called a ———-.
A) how
B) Toga
C) Stola

A

stola

79
Q

how did ancient roman womans make fashion statements?

A

through elaborate hairdos, which
could be held together by long bone pins and, in some cases,
hair nets made of gold.

80
Q

At —————–, archaeologists found a woman’s cosmetic box
made from wood and metal.

A

Pompeii

81
Q

what were ancient Rome mirrors made of?

A

Mirrors were made of brightly
polished bronze or silver and could be elaborately decorated on
the back.

82
Q

In the cities, —— citizens wore togas
when outside their home.

A

male

83
Q

Togas were long lengths of
cloth wrapped around the body

A

Togas

84
Q

The toga worn by an ordinary
citizen was woven from ——–.

A

wool

85
Q

However, important officials wore
———— togas that showed their
position

A

coloured

86
Q

—————’ togas had a border of
purple wool sewn into the material.

A

Magistrates

87
Q

Augurs, who ———- signs, had
bright yellow togas, dyed in saffron.

A

interpreted

88
Q

Censors’ togas were all ———-.

A

purple

89
Q

Victorious generals returning from
war had purple togas edged in ————.

A

gold

90
Q

Candidates standing for election
wore a ———- white toga

A

dyed

91
Q

Bathing was considered very important,
both for ———— and for purification
before religious ceremonies.

A

cleanliness

92
Q

Romans —————- daily, and many houses
had their own baths.

A

bathed

93
Q

If your ———- had
no bath, you could use a public one

A

house

94
Q
  1. You would warm up by bathing in a hot
    pool, sunbathing or exercising through
    ball games or ————–.
A

weightlifting

95
Q

The bathing process could then be
followed by a ————– — if you could
afford it.

A

massage

96
Q

Many Roman buildings were made of ———, and numerous emperors
declared that it was illegal to cook in apartments.

A

wood

97
Q

People who did not have houses with proper cooking facilities bought
their food from street vendors and cooked it in public —–.

A

ovens

98
Q

They bought ————, sausages, porridge and bread.

A

salt

99
Q

Wealthy citizens with a proper kitchen had —— who would cook and
serve meals.

A

slaves

100
Q

Roman ————— were small, poorly lit rooms, usually tucked
away at the back of the house

A

kitchens

101
Q

The two basic foods were bread and ————, both
made from wheat.

A

gruel

102
Q

The dough for the bread would
be kneaded or left to —————.

A

ferment

103
Q

The bread could be enriched with grated ————- or
honey placed in the middle of the dough.

A

cheese

104
Q

———— was made from flour boiled in water.

A

gruel

105
Q

A few ————–, grown in a garden attached to
the house, could be included

A

vegetables

106
Q

The main meal for the rich Romans, the ——-, was eaten in the evening.

A

cena

107
Q

The evening meal for a well-off Roman would be held in the
—————— — a room with three couches arranged in a horseshoe
shape around the walls of the room.

A

triclinium

108
Q

The men ate lying down, leaning on their ——— elbow.

A

left

109
Q

If women and
children were present, they would sit at a table in the ————- of the
room.

A

centre

110
Q

The evening meal was the one most likely to include ————; this
could be chicken or a young goat.

A

meat

111
Q

Because Romans ate with
—— only, all meat had to be thoroughly cooked.

A

spoons

112
Q

Any —— served was mixed with water.

A

wine

113
Q

On special occasions such as ————, birthdays or visits
by foreign guests, rich Romans would hold banquets that
sometimes went on for days.

A

weddings

114
Q

The riches main meal might consist of ——boar or chicken.

A

wild

115
Q

There would be a dessert of ——, shellfish or
oysters for the rich.

A

fruit

116
Q

Many courses would be served for the rich, including
delicacies such as ——-, truffles and mushrooms.

A

oysters

117
Q

The rich people’s guests would eat and drink so much on these
occasions that a room was often provided especially for
——–!

A

vomiting

118
Q

A poorer family’s evening meal might include only a
_______ or bacon cooked in a vegetable soup,
served with a mixture of cheese, olive oil, garlic and
salt, and spread on bread.

A

hambone

119
Q

Romans were entertained by fights between —————-

A

Gladiators

120
Q

The word gladiator comes from the Latin word ————–

A

‘sword’

121
Q

—————– first appeared in 264BC and were outlawed in 404AD.

A

Gladiators

122
Q

Gladiators were made up of —————- of war, slaves and criminals.

A

prisoners

123
Q

The mean would commit crimes such as treason, robbery and murder, among other things to end up a ———-.

A

gladiator.

124
Q

Some free men would become a gladiator so they could gain ————and glory.

A

honour

125
Q

A Free gladiator was called —————–.

A

Auctorati

126
Q

Romans believed that their ——-like gladiatorial fights.

A

gods

127
Q

——————– were like our football stadiums today but far more advanced.

A

Amphitheatres

128
Q

——————— and dens for wild animals were built under the arena for added attractions.

A

Cages

129
Q

The Ancient Romans would sometimes flood the —————- and have miniature ship naval battles inside as a way of entertainment.

A

Colosseum

130
Q

The Colosseum in Italy only took —– years to build using over 60,000 slaves. It was originally called the Flavian amphitheatre.

A

nine

131
Q

After the gladiators entered the Colosseum, they would have to salute
the ————.

A

Emperor

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