Ancient Philosophical Influences

Question 1

Who was Plato?

Answer 1

Philosopher who taught Aristotle

Question 2

Why did late turn to philosophy?

Answer 2

Saw Socrates die

Socrates made people admit they were stupid and was put on trial, drank poison and died

Question 3

Heraclitus

Answer 3

State of flux or change

Question 4

Dualist

Answer 4

Belief in two distinct principle having two parts

Question 5

Absolutist

Answer 5

Things intrinsically wrong or right

Question 6

Rationalist

Answer 6

Reality has a logical structure that we can work out using our reason

Question 7

How did Plato view the world?

Answer 7

Through reason

Question 8

The realm of the forms

Answer 8

A realm that humans can only access through their ability to reason

Question 9

Platos conclusions

Answer 9

Reason=philosopher kings, rulers of society (most intelligent)
Spirit/emotion/pride= auxiliary class of soldiers and police ( PK tell you what to do to keep system going)
Appetite - workers who keep state functioning through labour

Question 10

Anamnesis

Answer 10

Learn through education

Question 11

The realm of appearances

Answer 11

Accessed through senses

Question 12

Which form did Plato view the most superior?

Answer 12

Forms as he believes the only way to access the soul is through reason
Perfect form of everything

Question 13

Platos aims

Answer 13

Show contrasts between the two forms
Explain philosopher search for knowledge
Show ignorance of humanity

Question 14

What politics/ethics did Aristotle put forward?

Answer 14

Every value can go down in the middle of 2 extremes

Question 15

Lyceum

Answer 15

Set up Lyceum against platos academy

Taught ordinary people people philosophy

Question 16

Essence

Answer 16

Something making it unique

Question 17

Empiricist

Answer 17

Primary substances, ultimate realities

Question 18

Potentially

Answer 18

Possibility of doing something of becoming something

Question 19

Actuality

Answer 19

When potential Is achieved

Question 20

4 causes of existence

Answer 20

Material
Formal
Efficient
Final

Question 21

Material cause

Answer 21

Thing out of which an abject is created

Question 22

Formal cause

Answer 22

Expression, idea of plan that led to the creation of object,characteristics

Question 23

Efficient cause

Answer 23

Way in which object is created

Question 24

Final cause

Answer 24

Aim for which object is created

Question 25

Teleological

Answer 25

Most important cause

Question 26

Tells of humans

Answer 26

Good life | Eudaemonia

Question 27

Aristotle idea of god

Answer 27

Forms to only exist as part of things in this world | Disagreed with platos forms

Question 28

Prime mover

Answer 28

``` Pure thought Initial cause Intimate cause, finishes purpose Unchanging Simple Not physical Impersonal and transcendent ```

Question 29

Evaluating prime mover

Answer 29

Existence of universe is a brute fact requiring no final cause If prime mover is god then it very friendly Where did matter come from if prime mover is thought only?