Ancient History SG Flashcards
King of Macedonia, Greece, and the Persian Empire. He inherited the best army but when he died, his conquests fell into civil war.
Alexander the Great
Julius Caesar’s adopted son, member of the 2nd Triumvirate, defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium in 31 BCE, 1st emperor of Rome (27) BCE, founder of the Empire and the Julio-Claudian Dynasty.
Augustus Caesar
Sided with Pompey in the civil war, was pardoned by Caesar, and was given posts in his government. Assassinated Caesar with other conspirators in 44 BCE, defeated by the 2nd Triumvirate at Phillipi.
Brutus
Part of the conspirators that killed Caesar. Brutus’ close friend.
Cassius
A prominent conservative, who dislikes women’s liberation, was part of the anti-Carthaginian faction of Rome.
Cato the Elder
Uncovered Cataline’s Conspiracy to overthrow the Republic. Deposed Caesar and Antony in orations. Philosopher, writer, etc.
Cicero
Rebuilt the temple at Delphi, and proposed a scheme whereby the masses would direct the state. He created a council of 500 members (boule). Broke up regional factions through building blocks.
Cleisthenes
Last Ptolemaic queen of Egypt. Allied and loved Caesar and Antony. Married Antony, but both died at Actium.
Cleopatra VII
Became the sole emperor of Rome at the Battle of Milvian Bridge. With the Edict of Milan, he made Christianity the religion of Rome. He also made Constantinople the capital of the Eastern Empire of Rome.
Constantine
Supreme magistrates in the Roman Republic and hold office in pairs.
Consul
Expanded the Persian Empire. Was king during Ionian Revolt, and proposed revenge.
Darius of Persia
Athens formed an anti-Persian alliance with itself in the league.
Delian League
In this type of government, the people had a voice in voting and governmental decisions.
Democracy
Divided the Empire into the Eastern and Western Roman Empires. Instead of provinces, Diocese was used. Created Tetrarchy – ‘Rule of Four’.
Diocletian
Tribune of the Plebians and skilled demagogue. Passed iex frumeutavia (grain dole). He was the 2nd Tribune to be killed by a senatorial mob after his brother, Tiberius Gracchus, was killed.
Gaius Gracchus
God, one of the holy trinities. ‘Leader’ of the Christians. Founder of Christianity. Lived in 4 BCE – 30 CE. Born in Jerusalem.
Jesus Christ
Member of the 1st Triumvirate, defeated Pompey in the civil war and became appointed himself dictator-for-life. Assassinated by a conspiracy led by Brutus and Cassius.
Julius Caesar
Optimizes consul and general, marched on Rome twice in civil wars with Marius. Proscribed thousands of Romans. He reformed the state to empower the senate and disempower plebians.
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Julius Caesar’s Chief Lieutenant and right-hand man. Member of the 2nd Triumvirate.
Mark Antony
Author of Meditations. Philosopher-king.
Marcus Aurelius
Went on four journeys and wrote 13 letters. Former Pharisee.
Saul/Paul
League formed by Sparta to counter Athenian expansion/aggression.
Peloponnesian League
Greek troop formation used in armies.
Phalanx
Greek writer in the 1st Century of the Roman Empire.
Plutarch
Conqueror of Syria and Judes, member of the 1st Triumvirate. He opposed Caesar causing a civil war. Killed by his guards after he tried to escape from Caesar.
Pompey the Great
The Advisory Council, made up of patricians. The number of the senate was formally 300, but Caesar increased it to 900.
Senate
Philosopher
Seneca the Elder
Rule of four. Consists of two Augustus (senior rulers) and two Caesar (heir). Developed by Diocletian after the separation of the Roman Empire.
Tetrarchy
Tribune of the Plebians and was the 1st successful populist. Passed iex sempronia agaria (land reform law) without permission from the senate. He was the 1st Tribune to be killed by a senatorial mob.
Tiberius Gracchus
An elected official who protects the plebians from the patricians, veto power, calling meeting senate and assemblies to propose laws.
Tribune of the Plebians
