ancient history pt 4

Question 1

Library of Alexandria

Answer 1

possessed 700,000 scrolls at the time of Cleopatra

• 1 scroll = 50 printed pages
• 40,000 works

Question 2

Museum of Alexandria

Answer 2

more similar to a university

- contained research labs, dissection rooms, observatory, a zoo, lecture halls and a botanical garden

Question 3

history of human anatomy at Alexandria

Answer 3

Herophilius and Erasistratus were physciians at Alexandria

- performed human dissections and were accused of vivisections

Question 4

Alexandria human anatomy

Answer 4

• blood synthesized from food and distributed in veins
• pneuma replenished with respiration and caried by arteries to brain then converted. to animal spirits and carried to the muscles to cause movement

Question 5

herophilius

Answer 5

the beating of the heart transmits pulsations to the arteries: both veins and arteries carry blood

Question 6

erasistratus

Answer 6

arteries have blood only when it seeps from the tissue into the arteries pathologically
- illness when blood seeps into tissues inappropriately and blocks pneuma

Question 7

pliny the Elder

Answer 7

wrote a 37 volume encyclopedia from ancient authors: a race of people 7 feet tall who never get headaches, unicorns, rains of milk/blood/flesh

Question 8

celsus

Answer 8

wrote a large encyclopedia: only the medicine survived

• believed surgeon should assist nature
• de medicina is one of the first medical books to be printed

Question 9

Galen of Pergamon

Answer 9

greek influential medical writer

• surgeon to gladitorial school at pergamon
• favored by Emporer Marcus Aurelius
• unpopular with other physicians

Question 10

Galens philosophy

Answer 10

deep religious sense- believed in god but not christian

• teleological view of human body
• ethical practice of medicine

Question 11

how did galen study anatomy

Answer 11

from Alexandrian anatomists: herophiulus and Erasistratus

• dissected animals
• inspected traumatic wounds as a gladitorial physician
• examined bones from destroyed tombs

Question 12

galens biological insights

Answer 12

voice controlled by laryn geal nerve leading to brain
- brain is center of thought 
arteries contain blood not air
- isolated arteries 
kidney makes urine 
gut peristalsis
spinal cord paralysis

Question 13

Galens circulation system

Answer 13

veins: food
arteries: pneuma
connect through pores at right/left ventricles
- blood does not circulate

Question 14

galens therapies

Answer 14

more interventionalist

• balance humors with diet and bloodletting/purging
• surgeries and drugs

Question 15

theraic

Answer 15

drug mixture based on poison antitode with 70+ ingridients

polypharmacy: use of complex drug mixtures

Question 16

scientific legacy of the ancient world

Answer 16

1. spirit of natural, rational thought and inquiry
2. natural history
3. pragmatic, ethical medicine
4. dogmatic adherence to ancient authorities
5. first jobs in modern science to assimilate ancient science and overthrow