ancient history: india & egypt

Question 1

harappan civilization

Answer 1

-indus valley
-earliest known urban civilization
-ruins of 100+ towns and cities found in 1920s
-had a writing system (dravidian) w 200-500 charcters
-homes were multiple stories made of brick w plumbing
-planted wheat & barley, had irrigation
-ended 1500 bce due to natural disaster or government fall out

Question 2

aryans

Answer 2

-vedic civilization
-they moved from central asia to india
-established caste system in india

Question 3

vedas

Answer 3

-oral poetry passed down for generations
-how the aryans described/retold their religion

Question 4

indian caste system

Answer 4

-priests <- warriors <- laborers/servants <- untouchables
-part of law
-one was born into a caste and died in it
-castes couldn’t intermarry
-untouchables were considered subhuman

Question 5

Siddhartha Gautama

Answer 5

-founder of buddhism
-born wealthy in the warrior class in north india
-was immaculately conceived, married a princess, had a son
-at 29 went out in his chariot and saw suffering so he gave up his wealthy and family and lived in poverty
-it was hard so he decided to live middle class. became enlightened
-spread his message
-his remains are scattered

Question 6

buddhism

Answer 6

-developed in north east india near end of vedic period
-discontent w the priest class
-siddhartha gautama
-a buddha is someone who has been enlightened
-based on the idea that every human suffers and when they overcome that they reach nirvana
-karma
-reincarnation
-four noble truths (misery exists, its from ppl wanting pleasure, the want can be eliminated, if you follow buddhism)
-eightfold path

Question 7

step pyramid at saqqara

Answer 7

-purpose was to facilitate a successful afterlife for the king so that he could be eternally reborn

Question 8

Queen Sobekneferu

Answer 8

-one of the few women to rule egypt
-ruled as king

Question 9

vedic civilization

Answer 9

-formative period. things that define india were born (hinduism, caste system)
-aryans moved to india from central asia
-social system complexed and they started using iron
-didn’t collapse but the period ended around 500 bce

Question 10

hinduism

Answer 10

-no known founder
-samsara (continuous cycle of life, death, and reincarnation)
-karma

Question 11

egyptian periods

Answer 11

-archaic period (pharaohs related to gods, hieroglyphics, mostly farmers, agriculture basis of state, irrigation)
-old kingdom (age of the pyramid builders, priests important)
-new kingdom (royal women, akanatin got rid of gods and put new ones and everyone ignored this, ramside period of rulers named ramses, egypt lost provinces)