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Ancient Greece Flashcards

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0
Q

What culture thrived in Greece after the Minoans?

A

Mycenaeans

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1
Q

What is the origin of the place name “Europe”?

A

The daughter of the king of Phoenicia, Europa, married the king of Crete and gave her name to a new continent- Europe

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2
Q

What do the Iliad and Odyssey tell us about the ancient Greeks?

A

Their values

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3
Q

What happened to the Mycenaean civilization?

A

People abandoned the cities and trade declined

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4
Q

When did the City-States of Greece rise to prominence again?

A

750 BC

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5
Q

How does the geography of Greece present obstacles to unity?

A

They had to build small city states that were cut off from one another by mountains or water

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6
Q

Describe the organization of the Spartan government

A

2 kings and a council of elders. An assembly made up of all citizens approved major decisions. 5 ephors (officials) elected by the assembly

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7
Q

What was the purpose of the Spartan dress code?

A

Not wearing shoes made them tougher and more nimble and they only wore one garment throughout the year so they weren’t pampered and used to the changes of the heat and the cold

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8
Q

What were the rights of Spartan women?

A

The right to inherit property

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9
Q

Describe the important accomplishments of Solon

A

Outlawed slavery and freed those who had already been sold into slavery for debt, opened high offices to more citizens, granted citizenship to some foreigners, give the Athenian assembly more to say about important decisions (and encouraged the export of wine and oil).

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10
Q

Sovereignty

A

Independent

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11
Q

Polis

A

(Greek) city-state

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12
Q

Fresco

A

Watercolor paintings done on wet plaster

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13
Q

Acropolis

A

High city

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14
Q

Citizen

A

Free resident

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15
Q

Aristocracy

A

Rule by hereditary landholding elite

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16
Q

Oligarchy

A

Power is in the hands of a small, wealthy, elite group

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17
Q

Helot

A

State-owned slaves

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18
Q

Democracy

A

Government by the people

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19
Q

Tyrant

A

People who gained power by force

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20
Q

Legislature

A

Lawmaking body

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21
Q

Phalanx

A

A massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers

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22
Q

Archon

A

Chief official

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23
Q

Monarchy

A

Inherited power

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24
Q

What were the three Greek wars?

A

The Trojan war, the Persian war and the Peloponnesian War

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25
Q

What were the three Greek philosophers?

A

Socrates, Plato and Aristotle

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26
Q

Homer

A

Poet who wrote the Iliad (about the Trojan war) and the Odyssey, 750 BC

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27
Q

Draco

A

Father of the Greek law code (Draconian law code)

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28
Q

Archimedes

A

Mechanical engineer, perfected the use of the lever

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29
Q

Plato

A

The Academy, the world of FORMS, the Republic, philosopher-king

30
Q

Aristotle

A

The Lyceum, “Golden Mean” (everything in moderation), logic, scientific method

31
Q

Knossos

A

A vast palace where the rulers of this trading empire lived

32
Q

Shrines

A

Areas dedicated to the honor of gods and goddesses

33
Q

Trojan War

A

1250 B.C.E., economic rivalry between Mycenae and Troy

34
Q

Straits

A

Narrow water passages

35
Q

Monarchy

A

A government in which a hereditary ruler exercises central power

36
Q

Sparta

A

City-state, settled and built by the Dorians

37
Q

Athens

A

Located in Attica, north of Peloponnesus

38
Q

Alliance

A

Formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense

39
Q

Pericles

A

Statesman, because of his wise and skillful leadership, economy thrived and the government became more democratic

40
Q

Direct democracy

A

Citizens take part directly in the day-to-day affairs of government

41
Q

Stipend

A

Fixed salary

42
Q

Jury

A

Panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial

43
Q

Ostracism

A

To banish, or send away, a public figure whom they saw as a threat to their democracy

44
Q

Philosophers

A

“Lovers of wisdom,” used observation and reason to find causes for events

45
Q

Logic

A

Rational thinking

46
Q

Rhetoric

A

The art of skillful speaking

47
Q

Parthenon

A

A temple dedicated to the goddess Athena

48
Q

Tragedies

A

Plays that told stories of human suffering that usually ended in disaster

49
Q

Comedies

A

Humorous plays that mocked people or customs

50
Q

Herodotus

A

Often called the “father of History” in the Western world because he went beyond listing names of rules or the derelict of ancient legends

51
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Architect in a new era where Greek culture spread from the Mediterranean to the borders of India

52
Q

Philip 2

A

Gained the throne in 359 BC, formed alliances with many Greek city-states, assassinated at his daughter’s wedding

53
Q

Assassination

A

The murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons

54
Q

Assimilated

A

Absorbed

55
Q

Alexandria

A

An ancient Hellenistic city in Egypt

56
Q

Pythagoras

A

Invented the Pythagorean theorem

57
Q

Heliocentric

A

Sun-centered

58
Q

Hippocrates

A

“Father of Medicine,” 400 BC, studied the causes of illnesses and looked for the cures

59
Q

What are the 3 historic periods of Ancient Greece?

A
  1. Archaic Greece (1650BC-700BC), started in Crete
  2. Classical Greece (700BC-300BC)
  3. Hellenistic- influence from Persia and Egypt
60
Q

Persian War

A

499-480BC

Greece vs. Troy

61
Q

What are the 3 famous battles of the Persian War?

A

Marathon- 490BC (26 miles from Athens)
Thermopylae- 480 BC (300 Spartans at the mtn. pass)
Salamis- 480BC (Athenian navy victorious)

62
Q

Peloponnesian War

A

Athens vs. Sparta (Greece vs. Greece)
431BC-404BC (27 years)
Ended the Athenian domination of the Greek world (Sparta won)

63
Q

Describe the long-term effects of the conquests of Alexander the Great?

A

Founded many new cities

Encourage the blending of eastern and western cultures

64
Q

Cynics

A

Ignore social conventions and avoid luxuries, citizens of the world and live a humble, simple life

65
Q

Epicureans

A

Avoid pain and seek pleasure and believe all excess leads to pain

66
Q

Cleisthones

A

Created the first legislature (democracy), the council of 500

67
Q

Pericles

A

460-429BC, king of Athens during the “Golden Age”

68
Q

Socrates

A

Know thyself, question everything, ku the pursuit of goodness brings happiness

69
Q

What were the 3 most well known Greek play writers?

A
  1. Euripides
  2. Aeschylus
  3. Sophocles
70
Q

Herodotus

A

Father of history, first person who wrote an informative history book objectively

71
Q

Euclid

A

Father of geometry

72
Q

What were the independent basic political structure of Ancient Greece?

A

Polis

73
Q

Minoan civilization was based on the island of _______ and was based on _______

A

Crete and trade

History (13 decks)

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