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History ♡ > Ancient Egypt sac > Flashcards

Ancient Egypt sac Flashcards

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1
Q

Three ways the Nile river aided Egypt

A

life sustenance
transportation and trade
religious importance

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2
Q

Nile river - life sustenance

2 points

A

provided water for drinking, agriculture, bathing.

allowed cultivation of crops - ensured stable food supply.

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3
Q

Nile river - transport and trade (and religous)

2 points

A

wind and flow of the river enabled Egyptians to travel both ways.

facilitated trade, communication, and religion between different regions.

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4
Q

How did the geography of the Nile aid Egypt?

A

currents flow north, winds flow south.

annual flooding allows Nile Delta to grow crops + produce silt-sustaining life in dry environment.

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5
Q

What was the unification of Egypt?

How did it happen?

When did it happen?

A

Narmer united lower and upper Egypt as one country under a centralized government.

Early Dynastic period.

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6
Q

What is the red crown called?

Is it for upper or lower Egypt?

A

Deshret

lower egypt

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7
Q

What is the white crown called?

Is it for upper or lower Egypt?

A

Hedjet

upper Egypt

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8
Q

Significance of the Pschent

A

combination of red crown (lower) and white crown (upper).

symbolised unification of two lands + pharaoh’s control over

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9
Q

When was the Narmer Palette created? (and what is it)

What does it represent?

Why is it important?

A

Ancient artefact from around 3100 BCE.

Narmer’s unification of upper + lower egypt, displaying one of the earliest known historical events in Egypt history.

One of only a few palettes ever uncovered.

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10
Q

Explain Djosers centralisation of power

2 points

A

Gov was bureaucratic and centralised around one figure - the Pharaoh

Gov based in Memphis (capital city)

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11
Q

What are Nomes and Nomarchs?

What did the Nomarchs do?

A

Ancient egyptian states and state leaders.

collected taxes, maintained order, reported to the pharaoh.

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12
Q

CULT OF RA
What is Ra associated with?
How is Ra depicted?
Role of Ra?

A

sun and life-giving properties.

Falcon-headed or sun-disk deity

Supreme solar deity -traversed sky at day, journeyed to underworld at night (symbolised eternal life)

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13
Q

CULT OF OSIRIS
What is osiris associated with?
How is osiris depicted?
Role of osiris?

A

Afterlife, resurrection, and fertility

mummified figure

Ruler of the underworld

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14
Q

CULT OF HORUS
What is horus associated with?
How is horus depicted?
Role of horus?

A

kingship, protection, divine rulership.

falcon-headed deity.

Rightful ruler of Egypt - protector of country and its people.

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15
Q

What did Djoser change the role of the Pharaoh to?

Role of priests?

A

divine ruler and embodiment of God’s.

given significant power, influence of religion increased power in gov.

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16
Q

Role of the Vizier?

2 points

A

Served as Pharaoh’s chief advisor - highest ranking offical.

oversaw gov operations (tax, justice, public projects).

17
Q

Where were pyramid texts found?

What did they contain? Why?

A

inscribed on the walls inside pyramids to guide pharaohs in the afterlife.

contained magical spells, prayers, and rituals to protect and empower the pharaoh’s soul.

18
Q

Where were the earliest (& most complex) examples of pyramid texts found?

A

inscribed inside the Pyramid of Unas, 5th Dynasty Pharaoh.

19
Q

Where was the heart weighed against the feather of truth?

What happened to pure hearts?

What happened to impure hearts?

A

Hall of Ma’at.

continue to blissful afterlife.

face punishment or nonexistence.

20
Q

When was the step pyramid built?

Where was it built?

Designed by who?

marked the beginning of…

A

around 2700 BCE

Saqqara

architect imhotep

…Egypts pyramid building tradition.

21
Q

3 of Sneferu’s (4th Dynasty Pharaoh) pyramids + one fact about each

A

Bent pyramid - angle changed mid build due to structural concern.

Red Pyramid - first successful ‘true’ pyramid.

Meidum pyramid - initially ‘step pyramid’, converted to ‘true pyramid’ (construction difficulties resulted in partial collapse)

22
Q

Role of the pyramids in the afterlife

4 points

A

monumental tombs for pharaohs and other elite individuals

protected and preserved deceased’s body

house their belongings

provide a structure that facilitates their journey to the afterlife.

23
Q

When did the change in religion (focusing on sun cult) occur?

A

5th dynasty

24
Q

What happened during the change of religion? How did this effect the pharaoh?

3 points

A

Ra grew as main figure in new religious trend.

elevated pharaoh’s divine authority - earthly representative of Ra.

reinforced belief in pharaoh’s connection to Gods.

25
Q

2 examples of sun temples

What did they do at the temples?

A

Sun temple of userkaf and nyuverre.

Priests/worshippers conducted rituals and made offerings (food, incense).

Hyms/chants, expressing virtues of Ra and invoked his blessings.

26
Q

When was Pepi II pharaoh?

What age did he come to the throne?

How long did he reign?

A

6th Dynasty - marked decline of old kingdom.

six.

94 years.

27
Q

3 factors contributing to the fall of the Old Kingdom - during Pepi II’s reign

A

economic diffidulties

power struggles among local governors

climate changes

28
Q

What did Pepi II having two Viziers (one for lower and upper) signify?

3 points

A

kingdoms were becoming hard to manage

Pepi needed to ensure nomarchs were following his command

sign of decentralisation

29
Q

How did the nomarchs grow in power?

What were the effects of this growth?

A

gained peoples trust by living close to them - ppl began to favour them over pharaoh

some became de facto rulers in their regions, contributing to decentralization of authority during fall of Old Kingdom.

30
Q

3 different art styles

A

frontalism
hieratic scale
symbolism

History ♡ (4 decks)

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