Ancient Egypt - Pyramids Flashcards
The dead were buried with what to take with them to the afterlife?
Treasures
Pyramids were tombs for who?
Pharaohs
What pyramid was the first Pyramid built in Ancient Egypt?
The Pyramid of Djoser
-located on the ancient burial site of Saqqara - located in Memphis (the capital of Ancient Egypt)
How many different types of pyramids were there?
3
What did people believe about step pyramids?
They were built that way so the Pharaohs could walk towards the sky to their sun gods and goddesses
How were Bent Pyramids built?
With a wide base and narrow top
What type of pyramid is the most identifiable?
True Pyramids
What kind of statue is located next to the great Pyramids of Giza?
The Sphinx
What is a Sphinx?
A human head on the body of a lion
Pyramids were located on what side of the Nile River?
The West because the Egyptians believed that the sun set in the west signified the end of life (death)
Where are the three great pyramids located?
On the Giza Necroplois, located outside Cairo
What are the three Great Pyramids?
The Pyramid of Menkaure, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Great Pyramid of Khufu
Which pyramid is the largest of the three?
The Great Pyramid of Khufu
What were the pyramids mostly built of?
Limestone
True or False:
Archaeologists are still unsure of how exactly the pyramids were built
TRUE
What type of pyramids were the earliest form of pyramids?
Step Pyramids - looked like a huge set of stairs
What happened to the bodies of dead Pharaohs?
They were mummified to preserve their spirits
Describe step 1 of the process of Mummification?
PURIFICATION
- “Embalmers” washed the body with sweet smelling wines and spices, and rinsed it with water from the Nile River
- “Cutter” removed internal organs through cut made on the left side of the body
What organs were removed in the first step of mummification? What remained inside the body? And How was the brain removed?
Intestines, stomach, liver and lungs. Th
Describe step 2 of mummification:
DEHYDRATION
The body is covered and filled with Natron
What is Natron?
A mineral salt found in dried lake beds. It dried out the body
Describe step 3 of mummification:
CLEANSING - important to Ancient Egyptians
After 40 nights, the body is washed once more with water from the Nile River. Then it is covered in certain oils and fragrant spices to keep skin soft and elastic
Describe step 4 of mummification:
RESTORING
The body is restored to as lifelike state as possible. It is stuffed with dry materials such as sawdust,leaves, and linens to make the corpse regain it’s shape
Designed step 5 of mummification:
WRAPPING
The entire body is wrapped then covered with shrouds and bound with strips of linen. Head and neck are wrapped first, then fingers and toes, then arms and legs.
After the arms and legs are tied together, what is placed between the wrapped hands in Step 5 of mummification?
A papyrus scroll with spells from the Book of the Dead
Describe step 6 of mummification:
FUNERAL PROCESS
After the wrapping was complete, the head of the mummy was covered with a portrait mask to ensure spirits would recognize the body. Then the mummy would be places in a series of wooden coffins. Lastly, the body and its coffin is placed inside a stone sarcophagus, then placed within the tomb.
