Ancient Egypt - Pharaohs Flashcards
What did the Ancient Egyptians looked upon their king or pharaoh as?
A god; a descendent of the great sub god Re. Horus, the powerful sky god represented by a hawk, entered the pharaoh when he/she sat on the throne.
Describe the word, “Pharaoh”
Pharaoh comes from the Egyptian word meaning,“great house”
What did the ancient Egyptians looked upon their king or pharaoh after death?
After death, people often refer to the pharaoh Osiris, an indication that they thought of their ruler as being one with a great god of the dead.
The position of pharaoh is passed to who?
The eldest son of the king’s chief wife
Why is it important to have the position of pharaoh to be passed to the king’s chief wife’s eldest son?
Many Egyptian kings had several other wives, called “lesser wives”
What do the daughters of some of the chief wives get to do?
Claim their right to the throne
Which pharaoh is often credited as the first king to have ruled the 1st dynasty of Ancient Egypt?
King Narmer
What else is King Narmer credited for?
Uniting upper and lower Egypt
True or False:
It is thought and not proven that King Narmer and Menes were one in the same
TRUE
How long was King Narmer’s reign?
It is unknown, but was estimated at 60 years
When Akhenaten started his reign, what name did he go by?
“Amenhotep IV” He’s the son of “Amenhotep III”
How long was Akhenaten’s reign?
Reigned for about 17 years roughly between 1353 BC and 1335 BC
Akhenaten was considered as …
One of the world’s most important religious innovators. Upon becoming pharaoh, he ordered all the iconography of previous gods to be removed.
What is the name of the capital city that Akhenaten ordered construction of?
Amarna. He dedicated the city to the sun.
What happened to the city of Amarna after Akhenaten’s reign?
The city of Amarna was abandoned. Temples to the sun were destroyed, and images of Akhenaten were deliberately defaced.
When did Ramses II ruled from?
1279 BC to 1213 BC
What was Ramses known as?
A great warrior, builder and a religious man
Ramses the Great was the first pharaoh to do what?
Sign a peace treaty with his enemies
How many wives did Ramses have?
Roughly 200 wives and concubines(woman who lives with a man but has lower status than his wife/wives)
Who was Ramses’s favourite wife?
Nefertari
How many sons and daughters did Ramses have?
Over 100
What is the significance of Ramses’s lifespan?
Lived to be 90+ years
Longest lifespan of a pharaoh
What is the significance of Ramses’s ruling?
Believed to have ruled for a total of 66 years
Longest ruling pharaoh
How did Ramses make the country wealthy?
By collecting riches and supplies from other empires
What did Ramses’s love for architecture provide the country?
Temples, statues, small chapels and more
Fill in the blank:
Ramses was known to have ________ some facts in history
Rewritten
What is the significance of Ptolemy I Soter?
He was one of the successor kings to the empire of Alexander the Great
Ptolemy I Soter was the founder of what dynasty?
The Ptolemaic dynasty
During Ptolemy’s ruling, he didn’t want to fall under the influence of the priests and officials at Memphis. Ptolemy’s first decision was to move the country’s capital to where?
Alexandria
Why did Ptolemy prefer the location of Alexandria?
It was on the Mediterranean Sea which was strategically better, since it provided easier access to both the sea and his homeland of Greece
Who is Cleopatra?
A highly intelligent woman and an astute politician who brought prosperity and peace to a country that was bankrupt and spilt by civil war
What happened after Cleopatra’s father, Pharaoh Ptolemy XII, died in 51 BC?
She became co-regent with her 10 year old brother Ptolemy XII. They were married which kept the Egyptian tradition
What does “co-regent” mean?
Sharing the ruling
What happened after Cleopatra’s brother exiled her?
She was reinstalled Queen with Roman military support
After Caesar’s assassination in 44 BC and Ptolemy XIV died, what did Cleopatra do?
Made her son, Caesarion, co-regent
On 12 August 30 BC, what did Cleopatra and Mark Antony do?
Committed suicide. After that, Egypt became a province of the Roman Empire.
