Ancient Egypt Flashcards
The Egyptian civilization began in the fertile
Nile River Valley
World’s longest river flowing north from the heart of Africa to the Mediterranean Sea.
Nile River
was one of the most stable and long-lasting civilizations of the ancient world
Egypt
____is a waterfall
Cataract
is an area near a river’s mouth where the water deposits fine soil called silt.
Delta
a fine, fertile soil carried by rivers and
deposited on nearby lands
Silt
watering dry land by using ditches, pipesor streams
Irrigation
A bucket on a lever. It was used to fit water from nile or canals
Shadoof
were mined, used it to make tools and weapons
Copper and iron
Egyptians used fine ________ for special projects such as temple and tomb walls
white limestone
Egyptians mined precious stones such as ______and ____, used to make jewelry for royals and nobles.
turquoise&emerald
meant “great house,”
PHARAOH
These powerful people were in charge of the religion and government
PRIESTS AND NOBLES
Together they organized the government and kept it running
Scribes and Government Officials
They produced and sold goods Egyptians needed
Craftspeople and Merchants
worked the fields supply Egypt with food and other useful crops
FARMERS
These people did allof the most difficult and dangerous work for Egyptian society.
LABORERS AND SLAVES
- people trained in a particular skill or craft
Artisans
- people who specialized in writing and recordkeeping
Scribes
The largest and most famous statues in Egypt
Great sphynx
Imaginary creatures with the bodies of lions and the heads of other animals
Sphinxes
Main egyptian writing system
Hieroglyphics
Two other systems for texts that needed to be written more quickly
Heiratic
Demotic
Religious text
Heiratic
Legal and literary writing
Demotic
paper like material made from the
stems of the papyrus reed
PAPYRUS
is a belief in many gods
Polytheism
a god of the dead with the head of a jackal
Anubis
a fertility goddess; Osiris wife
Isis
a god who judged Egyptians after dead
Osiris
the sun god
Re
built to honor, provide homes for gods Ruins
Temples
a tall, four-sided pillar that is pointed on topside
Obelisk
to fulfill gods’ needs
Rituals
had responsibility for care
Priests
“Ka” means
Life-force or spirit
body that has been embalmed and wrapped in linnen
Mummy
means to preserve a body after death
Embalm
is a series of rites, prayers, and myths containing the Egyptian beliefs
The Book of the Dead
Mild climate; cobra goddess worshipped
Northern Kingdom,Lower Egypt
Warmer climate; prayed to a valture goddess
Southern Kingdom, Upper Egypt
➤ Menes legendary first king of unified Egypt
UNIFICATION
is a line of rulers from the same family
Dynasty
group of territories and peoples brought together under one supreme ruler
Empire
The ____ in ancient Egypt was the most powerful position after that of King (Pharaoh).
vizier
built along the Nile
Fortresses
. woman pharaoh who strengthened Egypt through trade
Hatshepsut
belief in one God
Monotheism
