Ancient Civilizations Review: Not finished Flashcards
The most advanced of the civilizations that flourished between the 3rd and the 16th century was?
The Mayas.
What territory did the Mayas occupy?
The Yucatan Peninsula, Belize, Guatemala, and parts of El Salvador and Honduras
Ruins of Mayas’s temples, tombs, sculptures and murals can be seen in places such as…?
Chichén-Itzá (yucatan) and Uxmal (mexico)
What made the Mayas advanced?
their architecture, astronomy, complex system of hieroglyphics, and mathematics. Their very precise sun calendar was determined by complex mathematical calculations.
to achieve, manage
lograr
to belong to
pertenecer
to furnish, supply
proveer
to get rid of
exterminar
to defear
derrotar
to testify, prove
atestiguar
to place oneself, live, settle
situarse
indigenous, native
indígena
native
indio, oriundo
local
nativo
daily
diario, cotidiana
political, politic
político
largest
mayor
smallest
menor
warlike
guerrero/a, bélico/a
artisan collective
artesanado
exactly
precisamente
capital (resources)
el capital
capital (place)
la capital
protection wall/gated community
el mural
myth
el mito
legend, tale
la leyenda
success
el éxito
time period
la época
palace
el palacio
tribe
el tribu
pyramid
la pirámide
army
el ejército
decline/decadence
la decadencia
peak
el apogeo
Where was the first latin-american literature from.
The Mayas. They were the only ones who had an advanced writing system.
The civilization that developed its empire during the 15th century was the:
Aztecs
The capital city of this empire was _______ and is now known as Mexico City.
Tenochtitlán
Religion dominated their lives and they built large temples in the form of_______
pyramids
Aztec sculptures are very detailed and the most famous is________
Calendar Sun Stone
This indigenous civilization thrived in the mountains of the:
Andes (Incas)
The Inca’s empire extended from ____ to ___________ and its center was in _____
Ecuador, center of Chile, Perú
The Incas success was due to a highly structured________________
political and social system.
The Inca also had a strong _________ and a magnificent system of ___________.
military, communication (paths through the mountains).
for other civilizations
add location and time period, a pick and chose some of the easiest themes that they probably presented on.
The capital city of the Incas was ____ and all points of the empire communicated with this city
Cuzco (modern day Peru)
The Inca developed a system of cord and knots of various colors and sizes to write and count that formed a:
a rope/knots to act as written communication.
The two animals that were used in the high Andean plains for transport, food, milk and wool for clothing were the
alpaca and llama.
Other minor civilizations:
Caribes, Las Chibchas, Los guaraníes, Los araucanos.
Where were the Caribes, and what were they famous for?
Antilles (Antillas in spanish– Caribbean islands), being a fierce, military based community
Where were the Chibchas, and what were they famous for?
Colombia, expert craftsmen (especially with gold)
Where were the guaraníes, and what are they famous for?
Paraguay, Today their language is spoken in Paraguay just as much as Spanish. Their language is called guaraní.
Where were the araucanos, and what are they famous for?
originalmente de la costa de Chile, pero hoy día en Argentina. their strong fight against the Spanish when the Spanish arrived.
The group that is considered the first group of major importance to the region that is now known as Mexico is the
the Olmecs (olmecas)
when were the Olmecs successful?
1600 BCE to around 350 BCE
The Olmecas built_______ and are most well known for their _______
ceremonial centers, huge sculptures of heads (called the Olmec Colossal Heads).
The Aztecs were very______
religious and advanced.
other tribes did what to the aztecs?
paid tributes
What was the Aztec ruler and who ruled it when the Spanish arrived in the 16th century
most powerful, Moctezuma
Toltecas: location, time period, most famous for
central Mexico (Tollan capital) 950–1168, craftsmanship of metal and stone, large human statues.Quetzalcoatl: feathered serpent, most important deity- knowledge.
Zapotecas: location, time period, most famous for
Southern Mexico, to west of Yucatan. Small place, 700 BC–16th century. Believed in mesoamerican religion. Oaxaca Valley developed a writing system, calendar, religion, and reached notable achievements in artistic and architectural pursuits, among others. They also developed governing systems with priests and monarch figures at the very top of the social hierarchy in their respective city-states.
Taínos: location, time period, most famous for
Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands (Caribbean Islands) around 400 BC. Encounter by Christopher colombus. Their gods were called Zemis. Spoke Arwackan. Had a chief and priests (cacique and boquice lower).
Language of the Aztecs?
Nahuatl
Rapa Nui: location, time period, most famous for
Easter (Pasqua) Island in Chile. Have existed for a long time. Moai statues (heads) no one knows how they got there. Polynesian
Arawaco: location, time period, most famous for
Northern Colombia, Venezuela, caribbean, Nabusimake (capital), still exists, dancing, chiefs, have many wives. Sugar and coffee.
to flourish
florecer
to develop
desarrollar
to construct
construir
to dominate
dominar
to celebrate
celebrar
to sacrifice
sacrificar
to include
incluir
to communicate
comunicar
to tie a knot
hacer un nudo
to arrive, bring
llegar
to get rid of
exterminar
to fight
luchar
to disappear
desaparecer
human
humano
detailed
detallado
social
social
organized
organizado
still, yet
todavía
like
como
century
el siglo
time period, era
la época
empire
el imperio
state, condition
el estado
territory
el territorio
peninsula
la península
ruins
la ruina
tomb
la tumba
sculpture
la escultura
palace
el palacio
building
el edificio
religion
la religión
stone
la piedra
system
el sistema
government
el gobierno
emperor
el emperador
god
el dios
cord
cuerda
size
tamaño
wool
lana
food
la alimentación
clothing
la vestimenta
