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Ortho > Anchorage > Flashcards

Anchorage Flashcards

1
Q

Define anchorage

A

Source of resistance to the forces generated in reaction to the active components of an appliance

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2
Q

What is Newton’s third law of motion?

A

Equal and opposite reaction to the force(s) are generated (e.g. by the active component)

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3
Q

List the types of anchorage

A

Simple
Compound
Reciprocal

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4
Q

What is simple anchorage

A

Active movement of a relatively smaller tooth using a larger tooth (root surface area is accounted)

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5
Q

What is compound anchorage

A

Two or more teeth used to move one tooth

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6
Q

What is reciprocal anchorage

A

Two groups of teeth pitted against each other causing reciprocal movement of both groups

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7
Q

List the factors to consider when planning anchorage

A 
Space requirements 
Type of movement required 
Number of teeth that need to be moved 
The distance of movement 
Root surface area of teeth 
Occlusal interdigitation 
Bone quality
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8
Q

Which tooth movements require more anchorage?

A

Bodily movement requires more than tipping

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9
Q

How does the number of teeth being moved affect anchorage?

A

The more teeth being moved, the greater the anchorage demand

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10
Q

How to overcome excess anchorage when moving multiple teeth?

A
  • Consider moving a few teeth at a time (conserving anchorage)
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11
Q

How does the distance of movement required affect anchorage?

A

The greater the distance of movement, the greater the anchorage demand and the higher the risk of unwanted movement

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12
Q

How does root surface area affect anchorage?

A

Large root surface area = the greater the demand

Anchorage can be lost if the force applied exceeds the threshold for movement of the anchor teeth

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13
Q

How to increase root surface area of anchorage units to prevent unwanted tooth movement?

A

Increase the number of anchor teeth (this increases the overall root surface area)

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14
Q

How does interdigitation affect anchorage?

A

Anchor teeth with good interdigitation may increase anchorage by reducing mesial movement of the anchor unit

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15
Q

How does bone quality affect anchorage?

A
  • Maxilla is less dense therefore threshold for movement of upper teeth is lower (requires more anchorage)
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16
Q

How can the teeth be moved to increase anchorage?

A
  • Anchorage can be increased by moving roots closer to the cortical plate
17
Q

What is the limitation of moving the roots closer to the cortical plate?

A

Increased risk of root resorption

18
Q

What are the types of intraoral anchorage? give examples -

A
  • Use of teeth (as many teeth as possible, differential extraction)
  • Intermaxillary traction (elastics)
19
Q

What extraction pattern allows greater anchorage

A
  • As anterior as possible (As this leaves more posterior teeth to act as anchorage units)
20
Q

How should extractions in crowded dentitions be approached in relation to anchorage?

A
  • Extract as close to crowding as possible to reduce the amount of tooth movement required (this reduces the risk of anchorage loss)
21
Q

What is the differential extraction pattern in class II and EXPLAIN

A

Upper 4s - aids OJ reduction and corrects canine relationship
Lower 5s - prevents retraction of LLS and corrects molars

22
Q

What is the differential extraction pattern in class III and EXPLAIN

A

Upper 5s and lower 4s

Camouflages and retroclines the LLS

23
Q

What is intermaxillary anchorage?

A

Anchorage from one arch used to reinforce anchorage in the other via elastics

24
Q

What can headgear be used for?

A
  • Extra oral anchorage

- Extra oral traction

25
Q

What is extra oral anchorage?

A

Posterior teeth held in position to prevent unwanted mesial movement of anchorage unit

26
Q

What is extra oral traction?

A

Distal forces applied to posterior teeth, allowing distal movement

27
Q

How much force is required for EOT and EOA?

A

EOT - 500g

EOA - 200-250g

28
Q

What are the types of force in headgear

A
  • Force below occlusal plane (Cervical pull)
  • Force above occlusal plane (high pull headgear)
  • Along curve of Spee (combination pull)
29
Q

When is cervical pull headgear used and why?

A
  • Pts with reduced vertical dimensions

- This action extrudes upper molars and increases vertical dimensions

30
Q

When is high pull headgear used and why?

A
  • Pts with increased vertical dimensions

- It intrudes upper buccal segment and aids vertical maxillary development

31
Q

Why is combination pull commonly used?

A

It does not affect vertical dimensions

32
Q

List the components of headgear

A

Tooth attachment (facebow)
Headcap/neck strap
Elastic component
Headgear safety mechanisms

Ortho (20 decks)

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