Anatomy -- Upper Limb 1 Flashcards
Name all 6 bony landmarks of the shoulder (anterior view)
- Greater tubercle of humerus
- Coracoid process of scapula
- Clavicle
- Scapula
- Less tubercule of humerus
- Humerus
Name 3 bony landmarks on the surface of the shoulder from a posterior view
- Spinous process of scapula
- Acromion of scapula
- Inferior angle of scapula
Joint by which the upper limb articulates with the axial skeleton
Sternoclavicular joint
Function of costoclavicular ligament
Prevent upward and lateral displacement of clavicle
3 functions of sternoclavicular joint
- Allow protraction and retraction of shoulder girdle (scapula/clavicle complex)
- Elevation/depression of shoulder girdle
- Abduction/adduction of the shoulder girdle
Define adduction of the shoulder girdle
Lateral rotation of scapula
Joint involved in initial 30 degrees of abduction of arm
Glenohumeral joint
Joint involved in abduction of more than 30 degrees of the arm
Lateral rotation of scapula at sternoclavicular joint
4 types of movements that the humerus can do on the shoulder joint independently of the scapula and clavicle
- Abduction and adduction
- Flexion and Extension
- Medial (internal) rotation and Lateral (exernal) rotation
- Arm circles
2 sets of ligaments reinforcing the stability of the shoulder girdle
- Coracoacromial ligament
- Coracoclavicular ligament
- Conoid ligament
- Trapezoid ligament
Function of the coracoacromial ligament
Prevent superior dislocation of humerus
Function of the coracoclavicular ligament
Prevent rotation of scapula
Torn ligaments involved in a separated shoulder
- Acromioclavicular ligament
- Conoid ligament
Describe the reinforcement and strengthening of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
- Glenoid labrum (cartilage) deepens the glenoid cavity
- Tendon of long head of bicep muscle attaches onto scapula over the glenohumeral joint
- Glenohumeral capsule surrounds all of these
Purpose of subacromial bursa
Synovial membrane forming a bursa with synovial fluid around the glenohumeral capsule to prevent friction with surrounding bones and ligaments
Muscles attaching to the lesser tubercle of the humerus to externally (=laterally) rotate the arm
- Infra-spinatus
- Teres minor
4 muscles comprising the rotator cuff
- Subscapularis
- Infra-spinatus
- Teres minor
- Supra-spinatus
Which tendon can be pinched when abducting the arm and why
Supra-spinatus tendon due to its relationship with the clavicle
Deltoid muscle origin and insertion
- Origin = clavicle and scapular spine
- Insertion = humerus
Main function of deltoid muscle
Abduct the arm
2 functions of pectoralis major muscle
Adduction and flexion of arm
Attachment of pectoralis minor
Scapula
Function of the pectoralis minor
Depression of the scapula
Attachment of the serratus anterior muscle and its location
Runs along the ribs –> attach at medial border of the scapula
Function of the serratus anterior muscle
Protrude the medial border of the scapula
Origin and insertion of trapezius muscle
- Origin = Vertebral column
- Insertion = scapula
Function of trapezius muscle
- Elecation of scapula
- Retraction of scapula
- Lateral rotation of scapula (abduction of arm)
Only shoulder muscle that is innervated by a cranial nerve (name the nerve)
Cranial nerve XI for the trapezus muscle
Function of levator scapulae
Contraction = elevation of scapula
Function of rhomboid major and minor muscles
Retraction and medial rotation of scapula
Function of latissimus dorsi
Extension of arm and adduction of arm
Function of teres major
Extension of arm and adduction of arm
Attachment of biceps brachii muscle
Scapula
Function of biceps brachii muscle
Flexion of arm at shoulder joint
Define the triangle of auscultation
Gap revealed by the layering of all the muscles of the back and shoulder where auscultation of the inner organs of that area is most convenient
Subscapularis muscle origin and insertion
Origin = scapula
Insertion = humerus
Main action of subscapularis muscle
Medial rotation of arm
Origin and insertion of supra-spinatus muscle
Origin = scapula
Insertion = humerus
Main action of supra-spinatus muscle
Abduction of arm
Origin and insertion of infra-spinatus muscle
Origin = scapula
Insertion = humerus
Main action of infra-spinatus muscle
Lateral rotation of arm
Origin and insertion of teres minor
Origin = scapula
Insertion = humerus
Main action of teres minor
Lateral rotation of arm
Teres major origin and insertion
Origin = scapula
Insertion = humerus
Main action(s) of teres major
Adduction/extension of arm
Origin and insertion of deltoid muscle
- Origin = Scapula/clavicle
- Insertion = Humerus
Main action of deltoid muscle
Abduction of arm
Origin and insertion of latissimus dorsi muscle
- Origin = Vertebrae
- Insertion = Humerus
Main actions of latissimus dorsi
Adduction/extension of arm
Origin and insertion of pectoralis major muscle
Origin = sternum
Insertion = humerus
Main action of pectoralis major muscle
Adduction/flexion of arm
Origin and insertion of pectoralis minor muscle
Origin = sternum
Insertion = scapula
Main action of pectoralis minor
Depression of scapula
Origin and insertion of serratus anterior
Origin = ribs
Insertion = scapula
Main action of serratus anterior
Protraction of scapula
Origin and insertion of trapezius muscle
Origin = vertebrae
Insertion = scapula
Main actions of trapezius muscle
Retraction/elevation/lateral rotation of scapula
Origin and insertion of rhomboids
Origin = vertebrae
Insertion = scapula
Main actions of rhomboids
Retraction/medial rotation of scapula
Origin and insertion of levator scapulae
Origin = vertebrae
Insertion = scapula
Main action of levator scapulae muscle
Elevation of scapula
Origin and insertino of biceps brachii
Origin = scapula
Insertion = forearm
Main action of biceps brachii muscle
Flexion of arm/forearm
