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Animal Science Anatomy 511 > Anatomy: Tissues > Flashcards

Anatomy: Tissues Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 different tissue types?

A

1.) Epithelial
2.) Connective
3.) Muscle
4.) Nervous

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2
Q

What are the primary functions of tissue?

A
  • Covers & lines
  • Provides support
  • Enables movement
  • Controls work
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3
Q

What are the 4 main cell types?

A

1.) Simple cuboidal
2.) Simple squamos
3.) Simple columnar
4.) Stratified squamos

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4
Q

What do the sheets of cells do?

A
  • Absorb nutrients
  • Provide sensory input
  • Manufacture secretions
  • Manufacture excretions
  • Cover & line other tissue
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5
Q

What are some characteristics of epithelia?

A
  • Tightly packed
  • Each cell is polar
  • Apical surface (top)
  • Basal surface (bottom)
  • Lateral surfaces connect
  • Avascular (no blood vessels)
  • Most cells are innervated (nerves are present)
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6
Q

What are plasma membrane attachments called?

A

Junctional complexes

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7
Q

What are the 4 major types of cellular attachments?

A

1.) Tight junctions
2.) Desmosomes
3.) Gap junction
4.) Basement membrane

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8
Q

What does a tight junction attachment entail?

A

Fusion of outer plasma membrane

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9
Q

What does a desmosome attachment entail?

A

Strong mechanical coupling

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10
Q

What does a gap junction attachment entail?

A
  • Channel proteins
  • Join cytoplasm
  • Exchange of materials
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11
Q

What is another name for basement membrane?

A

Basal lamina

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12
Q

What does a basement membrane attachment entail?

A
  • Foundation made by epithelial cells
  • Nonliving fibers
  • Helps keep cells in place
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13
Q

What is simple squamos epithelium?

A
  • Delicate & thin
  • Flat & smooth
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14
Q

What are areas that are lined by simple squamos epithelium?

A
  • Lungs
  • Vessels
  • Body cavities
  • Kidneys
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15
Q

What are some surface specializations?

A
  • Smooth
  • Cilia
  • Microvilli (brush border)
  • Keratin
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16
Q

What is simple cuboidal epithelium?

A
  • Single layer of cube-shaped cells
  • Nuclei aligned in a single row
17
Q

What is simple columnar epithelium?

A
  • Elongated cells, close together
  • Nuclei aligned at base
18
Q

What is stratified squamos epithelium?

A
  • Multilayered
  • Protects underlying tissue
  • Line mechanical and chemical stress areas
  • Outer layer continually worn off
19
Q

What are the mechanical and chemical stress areas that stratified squamos epithelium is located?

A

Mouth, esophagus, & vagina

20
Q

What is stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Large excretory ducts

21
Q

What are the large excretory ducts that stratified cuboidal epithelium is located in?

A

Sweat glands, mammary glands, & salivary glands

22
Q

What is stratified columnar epithelium?

A

Rare (…that’s all she told us lol)

23
Q

What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A
  • Not truly stratified (Nuclei have varying levels, not all cells reach the surface, & all cells are attached to the basement membrane)
  • It’s the most ciliated
24
Q

What are some areas you can find pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Respiratory tract & in parts of the male reproductive tract

25
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A
  • Basal layer is cuboidal or columnar
  • Superficial layer squamos
  • Leak proof
  • Expand or contract
26
Q

Where can you find transitional epithelium?

A

Bladder, ureters, & urethra

27
Q

What are the 3 distinct components of connective tissue?

A

1.) Cells
2.) Extracellular fibers
3.) Ground substance

28
Q

What are some characteristics of connective tissue?

A
  • Most abundant tissue by weight
  • Vascularized
29
Q

What are some examples of where connective tissue can be found?

A
  • Blood
  • Tendons
  • Fat
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
30
Q

What is ground substance?

A
  • Amorphous homogeneous material (glycoproteins)
  • A medium for nutrient/waste exchange
  • It envelopes/protects the cells
  • An obstacle for microbes

Animal Science Anatomy 511 (5 decks)

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