Anatomy: Tissues Flashcards
What are the 4 different tissue types?
1.) Epithelial
2.) Connective
3.) Muscle
4.) Nervous
What are the primary functions of tissue?
- Covers & lines
- Provides support
- Enables movement
- Controls work
What are the 4 main cell types?
1.) Simple cuboidal
2.) Simple squamos
3.) Simple columnar
4.) Stratified squamos
What do the sheets of cells do?
- Absorb nutrients
- Provide sensory input
- Manufacture secretions
- Manufacture excretions
- Cover & line other tissue
What are some characteristics of epithelia?
- Tightly packed
- Each cell is polar
- Apical surface (top)
- Basal surface (bottom)
- Lateral surfaces connect
- Avascular (no blood vessels)
- Most cells are innervated (nerves are present)
What are plasma membrane attachments called?
Junctional complexes
What are the 4 major types of cellular attachments?
1.) Tight junctions
2.) Desmosomes
3.) Gap junction
4.) Basement membrane
What does a tight junction attachment entail?
Fusion of outer plasma membrane
What does a desmosome attachment entail?
Strong mechanical coupling
What does a gap junction attachment entail?
- Channel proteins
- Join cytoplasm
- Exchange of materials
What is another name for basement membrane?
Basal lamina
What does a basement membrane attachment entail?
- Foundation made by epithelial cells
- Nonliving fibers
- Helps keep cells in place
What is simple squamos epithelium?
- Delicate & thin
- Flat & smooth
What are areas that are lined by simple squamos epithelium?
- Lungs
- Vessels
- Body cavities
- Kidneys
What are some surface specializations?
- Smooth
- Cilia
- Microvilli (brush border)
- Keratin
What is simple cuboidal epithelium?
- Single layer of cube-shaped cells
- Nuclei aligned in a single row
What is simple columnar epithelium?
- Elongated cells, close together
- Nuclei aligned at base
What is stratified squamos epithelium?
- Multilayered
- Protects underlying tissue
- Line mechanical and chemical stress areas
- Outer layer continually worn off
What are the mechanical and chemical stress areas that stratified squamos epithelium is located?
Mouth, esophagus, & vagina
What is stratified cuboidal epithelium?
Large excretory ducts
What are the large excretory ducts that stratified cuboidal epithelium is located in?
Sweat glands, mammary glands, & salivary glands
What is stratified columnar epithelium?
Rare (…that’s all she told us lol)
What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
- Not truly stratified (Nuclei have varying levels, not all cells reach the surface, & all cells are attached to the basement membrane)
- It’s the most ciliated
What are some areas you can find pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
Respiratory tract & in parts of the male reproductive tract
What is transitional epithelium?
- Basal layer is cuboidal or columnar
- Superficial layer squamos
- Leak proof
- Expand or contract
Where can you find transitional epithelium?
Bladder, ureters, & urethra
What are the 3 distinct components of connective tissue?
1.) Cells
2.) Extracellular fibers
3.) Ground substance
What are some characteristics of connective tissue?
- Most abundant tissue by weight
- Vascularized
What are some examples of where connective tissue can be found?
- Blood
- Tendons
- Fat
- Cartilage
- Bone
What is ground substance?
- Amorphous homogeneous material (glycoproteins)
- A medium for nutrient/waste exchange
- It envelopes/protects the cells
- An obstacle for microbes
