Anatomy: Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of bone?
1.) Support
2.) Protection
3.) Leverage
4.) Storage
5.) Blood Cell Formation
What number hardest natural substance is bone?
The 2nd Hardest
What cells are embedded in the matrix?
Osteoblasts & Osteocytes
What is ossification?
The Hardening of the Matrix
Cancellous bone is…
Light & Spongy
Compact bone is…
Heavy & Dense
Compact bone has…
Haversian Systems Running Lengthwise
What is outside all bones?
Compact Bone
What are shafts of long bones?
Compact Bone
The outer membrane of a bone is called the…
Periosteum
What is the membrane that lines hollow interior surfaces?
The Endosteum
What are osteoblasts?
Cells That Form Bone
What is an osteocyte?
Osteoblasts Surrounded by Bone
What do osteoclasts do?
Remodel & Remove Bone
What is a Volkmann’s canal?
Channels That Contain Blood Vessels That Join at Right Angles to the Haversian System
What is nutrient formina?
Large Channels in Large (& Long) Bones
What does nutrient foramina do?
Carry Blood In & Out of Bone Marrow & Bone
Spicules of bone with many spaces is…
Bone Marrow
Spicules arranged to stand stress forces is…
Bone Marrow
What is endochondral?
A Cartilage Template Replaced by Bone
What is the primary growth center of a bone?
Diaphysis
What is the secondary growth center of a bone?
Epiphysis
What part of the bone is the diaphysis?
The Shaft
What part of the bone is the epiphysis?
The Ends
What is intramembranous?
Bone That Develops From Fibrous Tissue Membrane
Where does intramembranous bone develop?
In Certain Skull Bones
What is made on the epiphyseal side of bone?
New Cartilage
Osteoblasts replace cartilage with bone on the…
Diaphyseal Side
What happens when epiphyseal plates mature?
They Ossify
What are the 4 bone shapes?
1.) Long
2.) Flat
3.) Short
4.) Irregular
What fills the spaces within bone?
Bone Marrow
What are the 2 basic types of bone marrow?
1.) Red Bone Marrow
2.) Yellow Bone Marrow
What age is red bone marrow most common in?
The Young
What age is yellow bone marrow most common in?
The Adults
What is red bone marrow?
Hematopoietic Tissue
What is yellow bone marrow?
Primarily Adipose CT
What can yellow bone marrow do if needed?
It Can Revert to Red Bone Marrow
Where is the axial skeleton located?
Along the Central Axis of the Body
What bones does the axial skeleton consist of?
Bones of the Head & Trunk
What are examples of axial skelton bones?
The Skull, Hyoid Bone, Spinal Column, Ribs, & Sternum
What bones does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
Bones of the Limbs
What bones does the visceral skeleton consist of?
Bones of the Soft Organs (Viscera)
What are the fibrous joints that connect the skull bones called?
Sutures
What is the name for the jaw bone?
Mandible
What are bones of the ear called?
Ossicles
How many bones are in the ear? Where are they located?
3 Tiny Bones in the Middle of the Ear
What is the function of the hyoid bone?
To Support and Aid in Swallowing
What do vertebrae consist of?
Body, an Arch, & Processes
What are the intervertebral disks that separate bodies of adjacent vertebrae called?
Fibrocartilage
What are the 3 bones that form in soft organs?
1.) Os Penis
2.) Os Cordis
3.) Os Rostri
What are the ribs?
Flat Bones That Form Lateral Walls of the Thorax
In regards to ribs, # of pairs =…
of Thoracic Vertebrae
Where is costal cartilage found?
On the Ventral Ends of the Ribs
What is the area called where cartilage meets bony rib?
Costochondral Junction
