Anatomy Terminology

Question 1

Anatomical position

Answer 1

Upright position
Anteriorly positioned palms/hands, gaze, toes
Feet are close together and arms on the side

Question 2

Anatomical planes

sagittal, median, frontal, transverse

Answer 2

Sagittal: parallel to median and separates left and right

Median: the midline

Frontal: separates front and back

Transverse: upper and lower division

Question 3

Anterior

Posterior

Answer 3

Ventral and dorsal

Question 4

Superior

Inferior

Answer 4

Upper body towards cranium

Lower body to feet/ground

Question 5

Lateral

Medial

Answer 5

Away from the midline

Towards the midline

Question 6

Proximal

Distal

Answer 6

Near the origin of the structure

Away from the origin

Question 7

Deep

Superficial

Answer 7

Internal and is far from the surface

Position towards the surface

Question 8

Valgus

Answer 8

A condition where the body segment is curved outwards from the proximal to distal end

((distal is lateral))

Question 9

Varum

Answer 9

A condition where the body segment is curved inwards from the proximal to distal end

((distal is medial))

Question 10

Lordosis

Answer 10

An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar region

Question 11

Kyphosis

Answer 11

An exaggerated dorsal curvature of the thoracic

Question 12

Origin

Insertion

Answer 12

An attachment point of a muscle that remains fixed during a action of the main muscle

An attachment point of the muscle to bone/other structures that moves during action of main muscle

Question 13

Tendon

Answer 13

A band of white tissue connecting muscle to bone

(Able to withstand stress, not shearing and is elastic)

Question 14

Enthesis

Answer 14

A junction between bone and tendon

Question 15

Ligament

Answer 15

A tough fibrous tissue joining two bones together

(Not so elastic)

Question 16

Articular cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Answer 16

A protective layer of firm flexible cartilage over articulating end of bones

A tough cartilage with a matrix consisting of dense fibre bundles

Question 17

Sprain

Answer 17

Ligament injury

Question 18

Strain

Answer 18

Muscle injury

Question 19

Rupture

Answer 19

Tendon, internal organ, muscle, all soft tissues injury

(partial or complete)

Question 20

Fracture

Answer 20

Bone injury

Question 21

Dislocation

Subluxation

Answer 21

Complete separation of articulating bones

Partial dislocation of articulating bones

Question 22

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction

Answer 22

Bending of joint causing them to be brought closer together

Joint straightening, returns body back into anatomical position

Movement of body segment away from midline

Movement of body segment towards midline

Question 23

Rotation

Circumduction

Answer 23

Longitudinal angular movement

Circular movement combining flexion, extension, abduction, adduction = CONE SHAPE MOVEMENT

Question 24

Supination

Pronation

Answer 24

Upward or outward movement

Downward or inward movement

Question 25

Inversion

Eversion

Answer 25

Inward rotation of foot with soles facing medial, inwards and sideways

Outward rotation of foot so soles face lateral

Question 26

Radial deviation

Ulnar deviation

Answer 26

Wrist abduction – move to radial side

Wrist adduction – move to ulna

Question 27

Protraction
Retraction
Elevation
Depression

Answer 27

Body part moves anteriorly (forward)

Body part moves posteriorly (backwards)

Upwards

Downwards