Anatomy Spotter Review- CVS Flashcards
State the development of the chambers of the heart.
Right Atrium- primitive atrium, absorption of right horn of sinus venosus, septum primum and secundum.
Left Atrium - primitive atrium, absorption of pulmonary veins, septum primum and secundum
Lift ventricle - Left part of primitive ventricle and left side of conus
Right ventricle - right part of primitive ventricle and right side of conus
State the development of the coronary sinus, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava and the oblique vein of left atrium.
Coronary sinus- left horn of sinus venosus and left common cardinal vein
Inferior vena cava- terminal part of right vetelline vein
Superior vena cava- right common and anterior cardinal vein
Oblique vein of left atrium- left common cardinal vein.
State the development of the serious pericardium and its sinuses (transverse and oblique)
Serious pericardium - somatopleuric layer of lateral plate mesoderm and splanchnopleuric layer of lateral plate mesoderm
Transverse sinus- dorsal mesocardium
Oblique sinus- rearrangement of pulmonary veins.
Give the boundaries of the transverse sinus.
The transverse sinus is bounded anteriorly by ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk and posteriorly by the superior vena cava and left atrium.
Give the boundaries of the oblique sinus.
The oblique sinus is bounded anteriorly by left atrium and posteriorly by the parietal pericardium and esophagus.
Give the blood supply of the pericardium.
Internal thoracic
Musculophrenic arteries
Descending thoracic aorta
Veins
List the tributaries (openings) of the right atrium.
Inferior and superior vena cava
Anterior cardiac veins
Venae cordis
Coronary sinus.
What is the name of the transverse muscular ridges in the right atrium?
Musculi pectinati
What is the name of the muscular ridges on the right and left ventricle?
Trabeculae carneae
State the orifices of the left and right ventricle.
Left ventricle has the mitral and aortic orifices which is guarded by the mitral and aortic valve.
Right ventricle as the tricuspid and mitral orifices which is guarded by the tricuspid and mitral valve.
Give the derivatives of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd aortic arches.
1st arch - maxillary artery
2nd arch stapedial artery
3rd arch - p- common carotid artery, d- internal carotid artery and B- external carotid artery.
Give the derivatives of the 4th and 6th aortic arches.
4th arch - left: arch of the aorta and right: proximal part of the right subclavian artery
6th arch - right proximal part- right pulmonary artery. D- degenerates. Left proximal - left pulmonary artery and D- ductus arteriosus.
List the boundaries of the mediastinum.
A- Sternum
P- Vertebral column
S- Thoracic inlet
I- Diaphragm
The middle mediastinum is formed by _________.
Pericardium and its contents
State the ventral branches of the Aorta. (Coeliac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery)
CT- left gastric, common hepatic, splenic branches
SMA- Inferior pancreaticodudenal, middle and right colic, ileocolic and ileal branches
IMA- Left colic and sigmoid arteries.
State the lateral branches of the Aorta.
Inferior phrenic arteries
Middle suprarenal arteries
Renal arteries
Testicular or ovarian arteries
List the areas of distribution for the coeliac trunk.
Esophagus, duodenum, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder
List the areas of distribution for the superior mesenteric artery.
Appendix, caecum, ileum, duodenum, 2/3 transverse colon , ascending colon
List the areas of distribution for the inferior mesenteric artery.
1/3 transverse colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, descending colon, anal canal
What is the arterial supply of the heart?
The left and right coronary artery
What is the nerve supply of the heart?
The heart is supplied by nerves from the superficial and deep cardiac plexus
State the function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves of the heart.
Sympathetic is cardio acceleratory, on stimulation it increases the heart rate and dilate the coronary artery
Parasympathetic nerves are cardio inhibitory and they decrease heart rate
List the branches of the right coronary artery.
RAVAPAR
List the branches of the left coronary artery.
LAVSLAC
List the branches of the external carotid artery
Superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal, occipital, posterior auricle, superficial temporal, maxillary
List the branches/ parts of the internal carotid artery.
Cervical
Cerebral
Petrous
Cavernous
List the branches of the facial artery
Neck - Tonsillar Artery
Face -
Superior
Inferior labial
Lateral nasal
List the branches of the subclavian artery
Vertebral
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervial trunk
Costocervical trunk
Dorsal scapular
List a branch of the vertebral artery.
Spinal arteries
Meningeal
Mendullary
Anterior
Where is the superficial and deep cardiac plexus located?
Superficial - below arch of the aorta
Deep cardiac- behind arch of aorta and in front of trachea
List the branches of the arch of the aorta.
Brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian artery.
What is the origin of the pulmonary trunk?
Right ventricle.
List the structure that separates the right and left atrium and ventricles.
Interventricular septum.
What is the significance of the marginal artery of Drummond?
Its supples the colon when one of the main feeding trunks is absent. Utilized in surgery
The portal vein collects blood from which part of the body?
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- Abdominal part of the alimentary Tract
- Spleen, into the liver - sinusoids- hepatic vein- inferior vena cava.
State the formation and course of the portal vein.
A) Formation - formed by a union of superior mesenteric and splenic veins
B) Course- runs up and to the right, behind the neck of the pancreas, the first part of the duodenum and the right free margin of the lesser omentum.
List the tributaries of the portal vein.
Left gastric
Right gastric
Superior pancreaticoduodenal
Cystic vein
Paraumbilical veins
List the tributaries of the superior vena cava.
Mediastinal and pericardial vein
Azygos vein
List the areas of distribution for the right coronary artery
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Part of the left ventricle
- Posterior part of intreventricular septum
- AV and SA node of conduction system
List the areas of distribution for the left coronary artery
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
- Part of right ventricle
- Anterior part of intraventricular septum
- AV node
List the tributaries of the coronary sinus.
- Great cardiac vein
- Small cardiac vein
- Middle cardiac vein
- Oblique vein of left atrium
- Posterior vein of left ventricle
State the blood vessels used for a coronary graph.
- Great saphaneous
- Radial artery
- Internal thoracic artery
Which artery is used to stop bleeding in the neck when compressed against the anterior tubercle of the sixth cervical vertebra?
Common carotid artery
What are the functions of the carotid sinus and body?
- Carotid sinus — baroreceptor and regulates blood pressure.
- Carotid body — chemoreceptors and responds to changes in O2, CO2, and pH content of blood.
What is the significance of the middle meningeal artery?
It is involved in epidural hemotoma. (Car crash)
It passes through the foramen spinosum to enter the cranial cavity.
List the tributaries of the internal jugular vein.
Lingual vein
Pharyngeal vein
Superior and middle thyroid vein
Common facial vein.
State the branches of the axillary artery
- Superior thoracic artery
- Lateral thoracic artery
- Subscapular artery
Which vein is commonly used for venipuncture?
Medial cubital vein
Note: It is separated from the brachial vein by the bicipital aponeurosis.
What structure does the vertebral artery pass though?
Foreman magnum
List the tributaries of the subclavian vein.
External jugular vein
Thoracic duct - opens at the junction of the left subclavian and left internal jugular veins
Right Lymphatic duct - opens at the junction of the right subclavian and right internal jugular veins
List the auscultations of the heart.
5th left intercostal space - mitral
4th, 5th intercostal space - tricuspid
2nd left intercostal space - pulmonary
2nd right intercostal space - aortic
The anterior interventricular artery is anterior to what vein?
Great cardiac vein
List the types of shocks.
- Cardiogenic shock — lost of cardiac contractility
- Hypovelmic shock — loss of circulating blood volume
- Obstructive shock — loss of obstruction in the RV and LV
- Distributive shock — loss of vasodilation
