Anatomy- Intro To CVS & Pericardium

Question 1

List the functions of the different kinds of arteries.

Answer 1

Large- receive cardiac output
Medium - propels and distributes blood to various parts of the bodies.
Arterioles - transmit blood into the capillaries.

Question 2

Define arterial anastomosis

Answer 2

Communication between the branches of the arteries. They supply the branch of artery when the usual pathway is obstructed by compression.

Question 3

Give the characteristics of large arteries.

Answer 3

1. Elastic arteries
2. Have elastic fibers
3. Receive cardiac output
4. Expandable
5. Ex. Pulmonary trunk, aorta, branch of aorta

Question 4

Give characteristics of medium arteries.

Answer 4

1. Muscular arteries
2. Contains smooth muscle fibers
3. Propels and distributes blood to various parts of the body.
4. Can decrease their diameter and control flow of blood
5. Ex. Axillary, ulnar, brachial artery.

Question 5

Give characteristics of small arteries and arterioles.

Answer 5

1. Small arteries - have small lumen and muscles, unnamed
2. Arterioles - smallest arteries, diameter less than 0.1mm, transport blood to capillaries.

Question 6

Describe the blood vessel layers of medium sized arteries.

Answer 6

1. Tunica intima - Epithelium has layer of flat squamous cells. Very thin connective tissue.
2. Tunica media - Very thick, forming 2/3 of the thickness of the wall. Has mainly smooth muscle fibers.
3. Tunica adventitia - then, forms 1/3 of thickness of the wall. Containers collagen fibers and few elastic fibers

Question 7

Describe the blood vessel layers of large sized arteries.

Answer 7

1. Tunica intima- endothelium made up of one layer of flat squamous cells.
2. Tunica media - thick, forms 2/3 of the thickness of the wall. Contains mainly elastic fibers and less smooth muscle fibers.
3. Tunica adventitia - thin, forms 1/3 of the thickness of the wall. Contains collagen and elastic fibers.

Question 8

Describe the blood vessel layers of medium sized veins.

Answer 8

1. Tunica intima - Epithelium, one layer of flat squamous cells. Thin subendothelial connective tissue. Internal lamina is absent.
2. Tunica media - very then wall forms 1/3 of thickness of the wall. Contains mainly collagen fibers.
3. Tunica adventitia- thickest layer, forms 2/3 of the thickness of the wall. Contain collagen fibers and elastic fibers.

Question 9

Describe the blood vessel layers of large sized veins

Answer 9

1. Tunica intima - epithelium of one layer of flat squamous cells.
2. Tunica media- very then, forms 1/3 of thickness of the wall. Contains mainly collagen fibers.
3. Tunica adventitia - thickest layer, formed 2/3 of thickness of the wall. Contains longitudinal running smooth muscle fibers.

Ex. Superior and inferior vena cava.

Question 10

List the sinuses of the pericardium.

Answer 10

1. Transverse sinus
2. Oblique sinus

Question 11

State the characteristics of the transverse and oblique sinus

Answer 11

1. Transverse -
   Horizontal gap between the arterial and venous ends of the heart tube.
   Posteriorly, superior vena cava and LA. Anteriorly by ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
2. Oblique sinus - narrow gap behind the heart.
   Anteriorly, LA and posteriorly, oesophagus and pericardium.

Question 12

State the blood supply of the pericardium.

Answer 12

Internal Thoracic
Musculophenic arteries
Descending aorta
Veins surrounding