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Anatomy > Anatomy - Shoulder > Flashcards

Anatomy - Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones that connect the upper extremity to the trunk?

A

Clavicle and scapula

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2
Q

Where does the humerus articulate?

A

Scapula

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3
Q

Where do the scapula and the clavicle articulate with the bones of the thorax?

A

Sterno-clavicular joint

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4
Q

What type of joint is the sterno-clavicular joint?

A

Saddle joint

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5
Q

What movements occur at the sterno-clavicular joint?

A

Protraction
Retraction
Elevation
Depression

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6
Q

Describe the capsule of the sterno-clavicular joint.

A

Loose and thin
No ligament support inferiorly

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7
Q

What does the lateral end of the clavicle articulate with?

A

Acromion

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8
Q

What is the joint called between the clavicle and the acromion?

A

Acromio-clavicular joint

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9
Q

What type of joint is the acromio-clavicular joint?

A

Gliding joint

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10
Q

How is the scapula held to the body?

A

By muscles

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11
Q

What shape is the clavicle bone?

A

‘S’ shape

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12
Q

Where does the larger end of the clavicle articulate?

A

The sternum

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13
Q

Where does the smaller end of the clavicle articulate?

A

The scapula

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14
Q

How is the scapula shaped?

A

Shaped to fit the curve of the chest wall

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15
Q

Describe the surface of the glenoid fossa.

A

Smooth concave surface

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16
Q

The glenoid fossa is the articular surface for what joint?

A

The shoulder joint (Glenohumeral joint)

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17
Q

What tubercle is above the glenoid fossa?

A

Supra-glenoid tubercle

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18
Q

What tubercle is below the glenoid fossa?

A

Infra-glenoid tubercle

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19
Q

Where does the spine of the scapula arise from?

A

The dorsal surface

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20
Q

The spine of the scapula dives the scapula into 2 parts, these are?

A

Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa

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21
Q

At the lateral end of the spine of the scapula, it give rise to what?

A

The acromion

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22
Q

What does the glenoid labrum do?

A

Fibrocartilage around the rim of the glenoid fossa which makes the socket of the shoulder joint wider and deeper.

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23
Q

What does the coraco-acromial ligament do?

A

Joins the coracoid process and the acromion

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24
Q

What does the coracoid process do?

A

It serves as the attachment point for several muscles and ligaments.

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25
Q

What ligaments connect both to the clavicle and the coracoid process?

A

The trapazoid ligament
The Conoid ligament
The coraco-clavicular ligament

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26
Q

What movements occur at the scapula?

A

Elevation
Depression
Protraction
Retraction
Upward rotation
Downward rotation

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27
Q

What does scapula movement allow us to do?

A

Abduct the humerus all the way up

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28
Q

What shape is the head of the humerus?

A

Half a sphere

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29
Q

What is the groove in the humerus called and why?

A

Bicipital groove
Because the tendon of the long head of the biceps runs in it.

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30
Q

What tubercles are at the sides of the bicipital groove?

A

Lesser and greater tubercle

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31
Q

What is the bicipital groove also known as?

A

The intertubercular groove

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32
Q

On the lateral side of the humerus, and around half way down there is a rough spot called what?

A

Deltoid tuberosity

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33
Q

What is the anatomical name for the shoulder joint?

A

Gleno-humeral joint

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34
Q

What does the shoulder capsule permit?

A

Movement of the shoulder

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35
Q

What are all the movements of the shoulder joint?

A

Flexion - forwards and upwards
Extension - downwards and backwards
Abduction - away from the side of the body
Adduction - closer to the side of the body
Internal rotation - rotation towards the front of the body
External rotation - rotation away from the front of the body

36
Q

Where does the long head of the tricep arise from?

A

Infraglenoid tubercle

37
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps arise from?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle

38
Q

How does the long head of the bicep attach onto the supraglenoid tubercle?

A

Passes through the joint capsule, over the humeral head

39
Q

How many muscles hold the shoulder joint together?

A

4

40
Q

Where does the subscapularis arise and insert?

A

Arises from nearly all of the anterior of the scapular
Inserts on the lesser tubercle

41
Q

Where is the supraspinatous located?

A

Above the spine of the scapula

42
Q

Where does the supraspinatous arise and insert?

A

Arises from nearly all of the supraspinous fossa
Inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus

43
Q

Where does the tendon of the supraspinatous run through to get to the greater tubercle?

A

A tight spot between the acromion and the head of the humerus

44
Q

What movement does the supraspinatous initiate?

A

Abduction of the humerus

45
Q

What 2 muscles are below the spine of the scapula?

A

Infraspinatous
Teres minor

46
Q

Where does the infraspinatous and teres minor arise from?

A

Nearly all of the infraspinous fossa

47
Q

Where does the infraspinatous insert?

A

Glenoid tubercle

48
Q

Where does the teres minor insert?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

49
Q

The rotator cuff is formed by what?

A

The supraspinatus’s, infraspinatus’s, subscapularis’s and teres minor’s tendons

50
Q

What does the rotator cuff do?

A

Keeps the humerus from sliding out of the shoulder socket

51
Q

Where does the teres major arise and insert?

A

Arises from the lower lateral border of the scapula
Inserts on posterior lip of bicipital groove

52
Q

What movement does the teres major provide?

A

Powerful adduction

53
Q

Where does the coraco-brachialis arise and insert?

A

Arises from the coracoid process
Inserts onto anteromedial surface of the humeral shaft

54
Q

How many muscles are involved in the shoudler?

A

7

55
Q

How many muscles pass through the trunk to the scapula?

A

6

56
Q

Where does the serratus anterior muscle arise and insert?

A

Arises from the side and the front of the first 8 ribs
Inserts along the superior angle, medial border, and inferior angle of the scapula

57
Q

What happens when the serratus anterior contracts and what is it called?

A

It brings the scapula forward around the rib cage
Called protrusion

58
Q

What happens when the upper and the lower parts of the serratus anterior contract separately?

A

They help to produce downward and upward rotation of the scapula

59
Q

What are the 4 muscles on the back in the shoulder region?

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

60
Q

Where does the Levator scapulae arise and insert?

A

Arises from the first 3 cervical vertebrae
Inserts on the upper medial corner of the scapula

61
Q

What movement does the levator scapulae help?

A

Elevation of the scapula

62
Q

Where does the rhomboid minor arise and insert?

A

Arises from C7 to T1
Inserts along the medial border of the scapula

63
Q

Where does the rhomboid major arise and insert?

A

Arises from T2-T5
Inserts along the medial border of the scapula

64
Q

What movements do the rhomboids do?

A

Elevation
Downward rotation
Retraction

65
Q

What 3 muscles are covered by the trapezius?

A

The rhomboids
Serratus anterior

66
Q

Where does the trapezius arise and insert?

A

Arises from the occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae,
T1-T12
Inserts onto the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion and scapular spine

67
Q

What happens when the lower part of the trapezius contracts?

A

Powerfully retracts the scapula

68
Q

What happens when the upper part of the trapezius contracts?

A

Powerfully elevates the scapula

69
Q

What happens when the upper and lower trapezius contracts together?

A

Upward and downward rotation

70
Q

Where does the pectoralis minor arise and insert?

A

Arises between the second and fourth ribs
Inserts on the coracoid process

71
Q

What movements does the pectoralis minor produce?

A

Protraction of the scapula
Depression of the scapula

72
Q

What is the xiphoid process?

A

Small triangular part of the sternum
Starts as cartilage, ages over time and hardens
Function: Muscle attachment

73
Q

What is the joint what joins the xiphoid and the sternum?

A

Xiphisternal joint

74
Q

What is the subacromial bursa?

A
  • Protects underlying supraspinatous from attrition between the humeral head and the acromion
75
Q

What is the subcoracoid bursa?

A
  • Lies anterior to the subscapularis and deep to the origins of the short head of the biceps tendon
  • Function is to manage the friction of the superficial fibres against the scapular neck, humeral head, coracoid process
76
Q

What is the subdetoid bursa?

A
  • Located underneath the deltoid
  • Decreases friction in the gleno-humeral joint
  • Protects the tissues surrounding the joint
77
Q

What is the subscapularis bursa?

A
  • Located between the subscapularis and the chest wall
  • Function is to manage friction of the superficial fibres against the scapular neck, humeral head and the coracoid process
78
Q

What is the sterno-clavicular ligament?

A
  • Extends from the posterior aspect of the sternal end of the clavicle to the posterosuperior manubrium
  • Stabilises the sterno-clavicular joint
  • Joins the medial end of the clavicle and the superior anterior edge of the manubrium
79
Q

What is the coraco
-clavicular ligament?

A
  • Connects the clavicle and the coracoid process of the scapula
  • It is a 2 component structure
  • Allows for proper apposition of the acromion and the clavicle
  • Prevents vertical displacement of the scapula with respect to the clavicle
80
Q

What is the coracoacromial ligament?

A
  • Connects the acromion and coracoid process
  • Forms an asseasligamentous static restraint to superior humeral head displacement
81
Q

What is the acromioclavicular ligament? (Superior)

A
  • Quadrilateral band
  • Covers the superior part of the articulation
  • Extending between the upper part of the lateral end of the clavicle and the adjoining part of the upper surface of the acromion
  • provides horizontal stability to the acromioclavicular joint
82
Q

What is the acromioclavicular ligament? (Inferior)

A
  • Thinner than the superior and covers part of the articulation and is attached to the adjoining surfaces of the clavicle and the acromion
83
Q

What is the interclavicular ligament?

A
  • Flattened band
  • Varies in size from individuals
  • Passes in a curved direction from the upper part of the sternal end of the clavicle to the upper margin of the sternum
84
Q

What is the Glenohumeral ligament?

A
  • Composed of a superior, middle, and inferior ligament and they combine to form the glenohumeral joint capsule connecting the glenoid fossa to the humerus
  • Protects the shoulder from dislocating anteriorly
  • Function as primary stabilisers for the joint
85
Q

What is the Transverse-humeral ligament?

A
  • Limits external rotation and inferior translation of the humeral head
  • Arises from the glenoid
  • Inserts on the anatomical neck of the humerus
86
Q

What is the costo-clavicular ligament?

A
  • Ligament of the shoulder girdle
  • Short, flat, and rhomboid in form
  • Purpose is the major stabilising factor in the sterno-clavicular joint and is the axis of movement in the joint, especially during elevation of the clavicle
87
Q

How do you remember which of the back muscles insert onto which tubercle?

A

SITS

Anatomy (9 decks)

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