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Anatomy - Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones that connect the upper extremity to the trunk?

A

Clavicle and scapula

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2
Q

Where does the humerus articulate?

A

Scapula

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3
Q

Where do the scapula and the clavicle articulate with the bones of the thorax?

A

Sterno-clavicular joint

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4
Q

What type of joint is the sterno-clavicular joint?

A

Saddle joint

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5
Q

What movements occur at the sterno-clavicular joint?

A

Protraction
Retraction
Elevation
Depression

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6
Q

Describe the capsule of the sterno-clavicular joint.

A

Loose and thin
No ligament support inferiorly

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7
Q

What does the lateral end of the clavicle articulate with?

A

Acromion

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8
Q

What is the joint called between the clavicle and the acromion?

A

Acromio-clavicular joint

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9
Q

What type of joint is the acromio-clavicular joint?

A

Gliding joint

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10
Q

How is the scapula held to the body?

A

By muscles

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11
Q

What shape is the clavicle bone?

A

‘S’ shape

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12
Q

Where does the larger end of the clavicle articulate?

A

The sternum

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13
Q

Where does the smaller end of the clavicle articulate?

A

The scapula

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14
Q

How is the scapula shaped?

A

Shaped to fit the curve of the chest wall

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15
Q

Describe the surface of the glenoid fossa.

A

Smooth concave surface

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16
Q

The glenoid fossa is the articular surface for what joint?

A

The shoulder joint (Glenohumeral joint)

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17
Q

What tubercle is above the glenoid fossa?

A

Supra-glenoid tubercle

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18
Q

What tubercle is below the glenoid fossa?

A

Infra-glenoid tubercle

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19
Q

Where does the spine of the scapula arise from?

A

The dorsal surface

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20
Q

The spine of the scapula dives the scapula into 2 parts, these are?

A

Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa

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21
Q

At the lateral end of the spine of the scapula, it give rise to what?

A

The acromion

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22
Q

What does the glenoid labrum do?

A

Fibrocartilage around the rim of the glenoid fossa which makes the socket of the shoulder joint wider and deeper.

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23
Q

What does the coraco-acromial ligament do?

A

Joins the coracoid process and the acromion

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24
Q

What does the coracoid process do?

A

It serves as the attachment point for several muscles and ligaments.

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25
What ligaments connect both to the clavicle and the coracoid process?
The trapazoid ligament The Conoid ligament The coraco-clavicular ligament
26
What movements occur at the scapula?
Elevation Depression Protraction Retraction Upward rotation Downward rotation
27
What does scapula movement allow us to do?
Abduct the humerus all the way up
28
What shape is the head of the humerus?
Half a sphere
29
What is the groove in the humerus called and why?
Bicipital groove Because the tendon of the long head of the biceps runs in it.
30
What tubercles are at the sides of the bicipital groove?
Lesser and greater tubercle
31
What is the bicipital groove also known as?
The intertubercular groove
32
On the lateral side of the humerus, and around half way down there is a rough spot called what?
Deltoid tuberosity
33
What is the anatomical name for the shoulder joint?
Gleno-humeral joint
34
What does the shoulder capsule permit?
Movement of the shoulder
35
What are all the movements of the shoulder joint?
Flexion - forwards and upwards Extension - downwards and backwards Abduction - away from the side of the body Adduction - closer to the side of the body Internal rotation - rotation towards the front of the body External rotation - rotation away from the front of the body
36
Where does the long head of the tricep arise from?
Infraglenoid tubercle
37
Where does the long head of the biceps arise from?
Supraglenoid tubercle
38
How does the long head of the bicep attach onto the supraglenoid tubercle?
Passes through the joint capsule, over the humeral head
39
How many muscles hold the shoulder joint together?
4
40
Where does the subscapularis arise and insert?
Arises from nearly all of the anterior of the scapular Inserts on the lesser tubercle
41
Where is the supraspinatous located?
Above the spine of the scapula
42
Where does the supraspinatous arise and insert?
Arises from nearly all of the supraspinous fossa Inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus
43
Where does the tendon of the supraspinatous run through to get to the greater tubercle?
A tight spot between the acromion and the head of the humerus
44
What movement does the supraspinatous initiate?
Abduction of the humerus
45
What 2 muscles are below the spine of the scapula?
Infraspinatous Teres minor
46
Where does the infraspinatous and teres minor arise from?
Nearly all of the infraspinous fossa
47
Where does the infraspinatous insert?
Glenoid tubercle
48
Where does the teres minor insert?
Greater tubercle of humerus
49
The rotator cuff is formed by what?
The supraspinatus's, infraspinatus's, subscapularis's and teres minor's tendons
50
What does the rotator cuff do?
Keeps the humerus from sliding out of the shoulder socket
51
Where does the teres major arise and insert?
Arises from the lower lateral border of the scapula Inserts on posterior lip of bicipital groove
52
What movement does the teres major provide?
Powerful adduction
53
Where does the coraco-brachialis arise and insert?
Arises from the coracoid process Inserts onto anteromedial surface of the humeral shaft
54
How many muscles are involved in the shoudler?
7
55
How many muscles pass through the trunk to the scapula?
6
56
Where does the serratus anterior muscle arise and insert?
Arises from the side and the front of the first 8 ribs Inserts along the superior angle, medial border, and inferior angle of the scapula
57
What happens when the serratus anterior contracts and what is it called?
It brings the scapula forward around the rib cage Called protrusion
58
What happens when the upper and the lower parts of the serratus anterior contract separately?
They help to produce downward and upward rotation of the scapula
59
What are the 4 muscles on the back in the shoulder region?
Trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboid minor Rhomboid major
60
Where does the Levator scapulae arise and insert?
Arises from the first 3 cervical vertebrae Inserts on the upper medial corner of the scapula
61
What movement does the levator scapulae help?
Elevation of the scapula
62
Where does the rhomboid minor arise and insert?
Arises from C7 to T1 Inserts along the medial border of the scapula
63
Where does the rhomboid major arise and insert?
Arises from T2-T5 Inserts along the medial border of the scapula
64
What movements do the rhomboids do?
Elevation Downward rotation Retraction
65
What 3 muscles are covered by the trapezius?
The rhomboids Serratus anterior
66
Where does the trapezius arise and insert?
Arises from the occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, T1-T12 Inserts onto the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion and scapular spine
67
What happens when the lower part of the trapezius contracts?
Powerfully retracts the scapula
68
What happens when the upper part of the trapezius contracts?
Powerfully elevates the scapula
69
What happens when the upper and lower trapezius contracts together?
Upward and downward rotation
70
Where does the pectoralis minor arise and insert?
Arises between the second and fourth ribs Inserts on the coracoid process
71
What movements does the pectoralis minor produce?
Protraction of the scapula Depression of the scapula
72
What is the xiphoid process?
Small triangular part of the sternum Starts as cartilage, ages over time and hardens Function: Muscle attachment
73
What is the joint what joins the xiphoid and the sternum?
Xiphisternal joint
74
What is the subacromial bursa?
- Protects underlying supraspinatous from attrition between the humeral head and the acromion
75
What is the subcoracoid bursa?
- Lies anterior to the subscapularis and deep to the origins of the short head of the biceps tendon - Function is to manage the friction of the superficial fibres against the scapular neck, humeral head, coracoid process
76
What is the subdetoid bursa?
- Located underneath the deltoid - Decreases friction in the gleno-humeral joint - Protects the tissues surrounding the joint
77
What is the subscapularis bursa?
- Located between the subscapularis and the chest wall - Function is to manage friction of the superficial fibres against the scapular neck, humeral head and the coracoid process
78
What is the sterno-clavicular ligament?
- Extends from the posterior aspect of the sternal end of the clavicle to the posterosuperior manubrium - Stabilises the sterno-clavicular joint - Joins the medial end of the clavicle and the superior anterior edge of the manubrium
79
What is the coraco -clavicular ligament?
- Connects the clavicle and the coracoid process of the scapula - It is a 2 component structure - Allows for proper apposition of the acromion and the clavicle - Prevents vertical displacement of the scapula with respect to the clavicle
80
What is the coracoacromial ligament?
- Connects the acromion and coracoid process - Forms an asseasligamentous static restraint to superior humeral head displacement
81
What is the acromioclavicular ligament? (Superior)
- Quadrilateral band - Covers the superior part of the articulation - Extending between the upper part of the lateral end of the clavicle and the adjoining part of the upper surface of the acromion - provides horizontal stability to the acromioclavicular joint
82
What is the acromioclavicular ligament? (Inferior)
- Thinner than the superior and covers part of the articulation and is attached to the adjoining surfaces of the clavicle and the acromion
83
What is the interclavicular ligament?
- Flattened band - Varies in size from individuals - Passes in a curved direction from the upper part of the sternal end of the clavicle to the upper margin of the sternum
84
What is the Glenohumeral ligament?
- Composed of a superior, middle, and inferior ligament and they combine to form the glenohumeral joint capsule connecting the glenoid fossa to the humerus - Protects the shoulder from dislocating anteriorly - Function as primary stabilisers for the joint
85
What is the Transverse-humeral ligament?
- Limits external rotation and inferior translation of the humeral head - Arises from the glenoid - Inserts on the anatomical neck of the humerus
86
What is the costo-clavicular ligament?
- Ligament of the shoulder girdle - Short, flat, and rhomboid in form - Purpose is the major stabilising factor in the sterno-clavicular joint and is the axis of movement in the joint, especially during elevation of the clavicle
87
How do you remember which of the back muscles insert onto which tubercle?
SITS

Anatomy (9 decks)

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