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Anatomy > Anatomy - Arm and forearm > Flashcards

Anatomy - Arm and forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the arm from and to?
Where is the forearm from and to?

A

Arm - Shoulder to elbow
Forearm - Elbow to wrist

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2
Q

What are the 2 prominent lumps at the distal end of the humerus called?

A

Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle

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3
Q

What is the function of the epicondyles?

A

Major muscle origins

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4
Q

Where is the trochlea notch located and what is it?

A

Upper extremity of the unla
Large articular surface

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the trochlea notch?

A

To articulate with the trochlea of the humerus

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6
Q

Where is the capitilum located?

A

Lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus

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7
Q

Describe the capitilum.

A

Articulates with the radius
Smooth round eminence

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8
Q

Where is the olecrannon fossa and what does it accomodate?

A

Big hole in the back of the humerus
Accommodates the superior end of the ulna

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9
Q

What are the 2 bones in the forearm?

A

Ulna and radius

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10
Q

Which end of the ulna is bigger?

A

Superior

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11
Q

Which end of the radius is bigger?

A

Inferior

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12
Q

Which bones in the forearm rotates?

A

Radius

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13
Q

What is the joint called that holds the radius and ulna together?

A

Radio-ulnar joint

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14
Q

How many radio-ulnar joints are there and where are they located?

A

2
Located at the superior end and inferior end

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14
Q

How many radio-ulnar joints are there and where are they located?

A

2
Located at the superior end and inferior end

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15
Q

How is the ulna and the radius held together and what does this prevent?

A

Interosseous membrane
Prevents the bones from moving lengthwise relative to each other.

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16
Q

Where is the olecrannon located and what does it do?

A

Superior end of the ulna
Muscle attachment for the triceps tendon

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17
Q

Where is the ulnar tuberosity located and what is it?

A

Immediately inferior to the coronoid process
Rough area and marks the insertion of the brachialis tendon

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18
Q

Where does the head of the radius articulate?

A

Radial notch

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19
Q

What does the end of the head of the radius articulate with?

A

Capitulum of humerus

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20
Q

What does the curved side of the head of the radius articulate with?

A

Radial notch of ulna and the ligament that surrounds it

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21
Q

Where is the radial tuberosity located and what does it do?

A

Inferior to the radial neck
Insertion point for the biceps tendon

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22
Q

What are the 2 parts of the ligament called that holds the rotating head of the radius in place against the ulnar?

A

Radial collateral ligament
Annular ligament

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23
Q

What does the annular ligament and the radial notch provide?

A

A perfectly fitting socket for the head of the radius to rotate

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24
Q

What is the annular ligament shaped like and where does it attach?

A

A shallow cup which narrows in shape to fit around the whole of the head of the radius
Attaches to the edges of the radial notch of the ulna

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25
Q

What shape is the ulnar collateral ligament and where does it arise from?

A

Fans out in a triangle
Medial epicondyle

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26
Q

What do the 2 parts of the radial collateral ligaments do?

A

Hold the humerus and the radial head securely together

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27
Q

Describe the elbow capsule and why it is like how it is.

A

Thin and baggy
Allows for large range of movement for the elbow

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28
Q

Why is the elbow joint a very stable joint?

A

The strength of the ligaments
The shape of the bones

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29
Q

The head of the ulna has a rounded what?

A

Articular surface

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30
Q

WHat is the pointed tip of the ulna called?

A

The ulnar styloid

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31
Q

How many articular surfaces does the radius have at the inferior end and what do they articulate with?

A

Large one - Proximal row of carpals
Small one - Ulna

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32
Q

Where is the radial styloid and what does it do?

A

Lateral side and the inferior end of the radius

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33
Q

What is the structure called that keeps the ulna and radius stable when rotation of the wrist occurs?

A

Triangular fibrocartilage (Also known as; the articular disk)

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34
Q

What is the triangular fibrocartilage attached to?

A

Radius
Ulnar styloid

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35
Q

What provides the pivot point when the inferior end of the radius rides around the head of the ulna?

A

Ulnar styloid

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36
Q

How many joints are at the wrist and what are they called?

A

Radiocarpal joint
Midcarpal joint

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37
Q

What are the 4 carpal bones in the proximal row called?

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform

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38
Q

What are the 4 carpal bones in the distal row called?

A

Trapezoid,trapezium, capitate, hamate

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39
Q

What forms the midcarpal joint?

A

The distal row of carpals and the proximal row of carpals articulating

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40
Q

Which row of the carpals does the metacarpals articulate with?

A

Distal row

41
Q

Movement partly happens at the radiocarpal joint and partly at the midcarpal joint which which movements?

A

Flexion
Extension

42
Q

Movement main occured at the radiocarpal joint with which movements?

A

Radial deviation
Ulnar deviation

43
Q

Which carpal bones does the radial colateral ligament go to from the radial styloid?

A

Scaphoid
Trapezium

44
Q

Which carpal bones does the ulnar collateral ligament go to from the ulnar styloid?

A

Triquestrum
Pisiform

45
Q

Describe the capsule at the wrist.

A

Thick and strong all the way around the joint

46
Q

On the extensor aspect of the wrist, the capsule forms the..?

A

Broad dorsal radio-carpal ligament

47
Q

On the flexor aspect of the wrist, the capsule forms the..?

A

Palmer radio-carpal ligament

48
Q

How is the wrist held together?

A

Strong ligaments

49
Q

What are the 3 flexors of the elbow?

A

Brachialis
Biceps
Brachialis

50
Q

Where does the brachialis arise and insert?

A

Arises from broad area on anterior humerus
Inserts on ulnar tuberosity

51
Q

What is the action of the brachialis?

A

Flexion at the elbow (When forearm is either pronated or supinated)

52
Q

Where is the biceps brachii located?

A

Lies in front of the brachialis

53
Q

How many heads does the biceps brachii have and what are they called?

A

2
Long and short heads

54
Q

What muscle does the biceps arise with?

A

Coracobrachialis

55
Q

Where does the short head of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis arise and insert?

A

Both arise from coracoid process
Biceps brachii inserts onto radial tuberosity
Coracobrachialis inserts onto anteromedial of humeral shaft between the brachialis and medial head of triceps

56
Q

What is the strange journey of the long head?

A

Runs up the bicipital groove
Passes inside the shoulder joint
Reaches its origin from the supraglenoid tubercle

57
Q

What do the two heads of the bicep brachii form and what happens to this?

A

A single belly that narrows to form an unusual 2-part tendon

58
Q

What happens to the main part of the tendonof the biceps brachii when it has narrowed to form a 2-part tendon?

A

Dives down between the radius and the ulna and inserts on the radial tuberosity

59
Q

What fascia does the biceps brachii tendon go through?

A

Biciptal aponeurosis

60
Q

What does the bicipital aponeurosis do?

A

Gives indirect attachments to the ulna

61
Q

What action does the biceps do?

A

Flexes the elbow, more efficient when the forearm is pronated
Also a powerful supinator of the forearm

62
Q

Where does the brachioradialis arise and insert?

A

Arises halfway up the humerus, just below the deltoid tuberosity
Inserts onto distal radius

63
Q

What action does the brachioradialis do?

A

Flexes the elbow

64
Q

How many heads do the triceps have and what are they called?

A

3
Long head
Lateral head
Medial or deep head

65
Q

Where does the long head of the tricep arise and insert?

A

Arises from infraglenoid tubercle
Inserts onto olecrannon

66
Q

What is the extensor called of the elbow?

A

Triceps

67
Q

Where does the lateral head arise and insert?

A

Arises from high up on the lateral side of the posterior humerus
Inserts onto the olecrannon process

68
Q

Where does the medial/deep head arise an insert?

A

Arises from the broad area lower down and more medially on the humerus
Inserts onto the olecrannon

69
Q

Where does the tricep tendon insert?

A

Olecrannon

70
Q

What action does the triceps do?

A

Extension

71
Q

Where is the anconius located?

A

Runs from the lateral epicondyle to the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna

72
Q

Is the anconius a minor or major extensor?

A

Minor extensor

73
Q

What are the 2 pronator muscles in the forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus

74
Q

Where does the pronator teres arise and insert?

A

Arises from the medial epicondyle
Inserts from halfway down the lateral surface of the radius

75
Q

Which of the 2 pronator muscles is larger and more proximal?

A

Pronator teres

76
Q

The pronator teres’s deep head or origin arises from..?

A

Coronoid process

77
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres?

A

Pronate the forearm

78
Q

Where does the pronator quadratus arise and insert?

A

Arises from the anteromedial aspect of the ulna
Inserts on the anterior surface of the radius

79
Q

Where does the supinator arise and insert?

A

Arises from the: Lateral epicondyle, annular ligament, ridge of the ulna, supinator crest
Inserts on the radius, along a line ending just above the insertion of pronator teres

80
Q

How many supinator muscles are there and what are they called?

A

2
Supinator
Biceps

81
Q

Where do the biceps arise and insert?

A

Arises from the apex of coracoid process
Inserts on the radial tuberosity

82
Q

What movements do the biceps do?

A

Rotates the radius, especially when elbow is flexed

83
Q

Which one is stronger? Pronation or supination. And why?

A

Supination is more powerful due to the biceps contribution

84
Q

How many flexors and extensors are there in the wrist?

A

3
3

85
Q

What are the flexor muscles of the wrist?

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus

86
Q

Where do the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris arise and insert?

A

Both arise from medial epicondyle
Flexor carpi radialis inserts onto the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Flexor carpi ulnaris inserts onto the base of the 5th metacarpal, pisiform, hamate

87
Q

What tendon do the flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis share?

A

Common flexor tendon

88
Q

From the pisiform, the pull of flexor carpi ulnaris is transmitted to the hamate bone, and to the base of the fifth metacarpal, by what strong ligaments?

A

Piso-hamate
Piso-metacarpal

89
Q

When the wrist flexors work together, what movements do they produce?
When the wrist flexors work separately, what movements do they produce?

A

Flexion when working together
Ulnar abduction and radial abduction when working separately

90
Q

Where does the palmaris longus arise and insert?

A

Medial epicondyle
Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis (fascia)

91
Q

What are the wrist extensors?

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris

92
Q

Where does the extensor carpi radialis longus arise and insert?

A

Arises from the lateral epicondyle, lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Inserts on the dorsal surface of the 2nd metacarpal

93
Q

Where does the extensor carpi radialis brevis arise and insert?

A

Arises from the lateral epicondyle
Inserts onto 3rd metacarpal on the radial side of the dorsal surface

94
Q

Where does the extensor carpi ulnaris arise and insert?

A

Arises from the lateral epicondyle, posterior border of the ulna
Inserts base of the 5th metacarpal

95
Q

What is the structure called where the extensor tendons pass under?

A

Extensor retinaculum

96
Q

Flex finger =
Flex tips =
Flex thumb =
Pronate =

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis - only fingers flexion
Flexor digitorum profundus - flexors of tips
Flexor pollicus longus - flexors of thumb
Pronator quadratus - flexors of thumb and pronation

97
Q

What muscles are part of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Abductor pollicus brevis
Extensor pollicus brevis and longus

98
Q

SUPERFICIAL LAYER
Movement from the first finger
Movement from the 2nd finger
Movement from the 3rd finger
Movement from the pinky finger
Above pinky finger

A

Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris

99
Q

DEEP LAYER
Amy
Says
Anatomical snuffbox
Incredible

A

Anconius
Supinator
Extensor pollicis longus, brevis, abductor poliicis longus
Extensor indicies - extends index finger

100
Q

4 FINGER FOREARM
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

1st finger
2nd finger - flexes carpals, wrist, and radial deviation
3rd finger - flexes wrist, and flexion of the elbow
4th finger - flexes wrist, ulnar deviation, elbow flexion

Anatomy (9 decks)

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