Anatomy - Arm and forearm Flashcards
1
Q
Where is the arm from and to?
Where is the forearm from and to?
A
Arm - Shoulder to elbow
Forearm - Elbow to wrist
2
Q
What are the 2 prominent lumps at the distal end of the humerus called?
A
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
3
Q
What is the function of the epicondyles?
A
Major muscle origins
4
Q
Where is the trochlea notch located and what is it?
A
Upper extremity of the unla
Large articular surface
5
Q
What is the purpose of the trochlea notch?
A
To articulate with the trochlea of the humerus
6
Q
Where is the capitilum located?
A
Lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus
7
Q
Describe the capitilum.
A
Articulates with the radius
Smooth round eminence
8
Q
Where is the olecrannon fossa and what does it accomodate?
A
Big hole in the back of the humerus
Accommodates the superior end of the ulna
9
Q
What are the 2 bones in the forearm?
A
Ulna and radius
10
Q
Which end of the ulna is bigger?
A
Superior
11
Q
Which end of the radius is bigger?
A
Inferior
12
Q
Which bones in the forearm rotates?
A
Radius
13
Q
What is the joint called that holds the radius and ulna together?
A
Radio-ulnar joint
14
Q
How many radio-ulnar joints are there and where are they located?
A
2
Located at the superior end and inferior end
14
Q
How many radio-ulnar joints are there and where are they located?
A
2
Located at the superior end and inferior end
15
Q
How is the ulna and the radius held together and what does this prevent?
A
Interosseous membrane
Prevents the bones from moving lengthwise relative to each other.
16
Q
Where is the olecrannon located and what does it do?
A
Superior end of the ulna
Muscle attachment for the triceps tendon
17
Q
Where is the ulnar tuberosity located and what is it?
A
Immediately inferior to the coronoid process
Rough area and marks the insertion of the brachialis tendon
18
Q
Where does the head of the radius articulate?
A
Radial notch
19
Q
What does the end of the head of the radius articulate with?
A
Capitulum of humerus
20
Q
What does the curved side of the head of the radius articulate with?
A
Radial notch of ulna and the ligament that surrounds it
21
Q
Where is the radial tuberosity located and what does it do?
A
Inferior to the radial neck
Insertion point for the biceps tendon
22
Q
What are the 2 parts of the ligament called that holds the rotating head of the radius in place against the ulnar?
A
Radial collateral ligament
Annular ligament
23
Q
What does the annular ligament and the radial notch provide?
A
A perfectly fitting socket for the head of the radius to rotate
24
What is the annular ligament shaped like and where does it attach?
A shallow cup which narrows in shape to fit around the whole of the head of the radius
Attaches to the edges of the radial notch of the ulna
25
What shape is the ulnar collateral ligament and where does it arise from?
Fans out in a triangle
Medial epicondyle
26
What do the 2 parts of the radial collateral ligaments do?
Hold the humerus and the radial head securely together
27
Describe the elbow capsule and why it is like how it is.
Thin and baggy
Allows for large range of movement for the elbow
28
Why is the elbow joint a very stable joint?
The strength of the ligaments
The shape of the bones
29
The head of the ulna has a rounded what?
Articular surface
30
WHat is the pointed tip of the ulna called?
The ulnar styloid
31
How many articular surfaces does the radius have at the inferior end and what do they articulate with?
Large one - Proximal row of carpals
Small one - Ulna
32
Where is the radial styloid and what does it do?
Lateral side and the inferior end of the radius
33
What is the structure called that keeps the ulna and radius stable when rotation of the wrist occurs?
Triangular fibrocartilage (Also known as; the articular disk)
34
What is the triangular fibrocartilage attached to?
Radius
Ulnar styloid
35
What provides the pivot point when the inferior end of the radius rides around the head of the ulna?
Ulnar styloid
36
How many joints are at the wrist and what are they called?
Radiocarpal joint
Midcarpal joint
37
What are the 4 carpal bones in the proximal row called?
Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform
38
What are the 4 carpal bones in the distal row called?
Trapezoid,trapezium, capitate, hamate
39
What forms the midcarpal joint?
The distal row of carpals and the proximal row of carpals articulating
40
Which row of the carpals does the metacarpals articulate with?
Distal row
41
Movement partly happens at the radiocarpal joint and partly at the midcarpal joint which which movements?
Flexion
Extension
42
Movement main occured at the radiocarpal joint with which movements?
Radial deviation
Ulnar deviation
43
Which carpal bones does the radial colateral ligament go to from the radial styloid?
Scaphoid
Trapezium
44
Which carpal bones does the ulnar collateral ligament go to from the ulnar styloid?
Triquestrum
Pisiform
45
Describe the capsule at the wrist.
Thick and strong all the way around the joint
46
On the extensor aspect of the wrist, the capsule forms the..?
Broad dorsal radio-carpal ligament
47
On the flexor aspect of the wrist, the capsule forms the..?
Palmer radio-carpal ligament
48
How is the wrist held together?
Strong ligaments
49
What are the 3 flexors of the elbow?
Brachialis
Biceps
Brachialis
50
Where does the brachialis arise and insert?
Arises from broad area on anterior humerus
Inserts on ulnar tuberosity
51
What is the action of the brachialis?
Flexion at the elbow (When forearm is either pronated or supinated)
52
Where is the biceps brachii located?
Lies in front of the brachialis
53
How many heads does the biceps brachii have and what are they called?
2
Long and short heads
54
What muscle does the biceps arise with?
Coracobrachialis
55
Where does the short head of biceps brachii and coracobrachialis arise and insert?
Both arise from coracoid process
Biceps brachii inserts onto radial tuberosity
Coracobrachialis inserts onto anteromedial of humeral shaft between the brachialis and medial head of triceps
56
What is the strange journey of the long head?
Runs up the bicipital groove
Passes inside the shoulder joint
Reaches its origin from the supraglenoid tubercle
57
What do the two heads of the bicep brachii form and what happens to this?
A single belly that narrows to form an unusual 2-part tendon
58
What happens to the main part of the tendonof the biceps brachii when it has narrowed to form a 2-part tendon?
Dives down between the radius and the ulna and inserts on the radial tuberosity
59
What fascia does the biceps brachii tendon go through?
Biciptal aponeurosis
60
What does the bicipital aponeurosis do?
Gives indirect attachments to the ulna
61
What action does the biceps do?
Flexes the elbow, more efficient when the forearm is pronated
Also a powerful supinator of the forearm
62
Where does the brachioradialis arise and insert?
Arises halfway up the humerus, just below the deltoid tuberosity
Inserts onto distal radius
63
What action does the brachioradialis do?
Flexes the elbow
64
How many heads do the triceps have and what are they called?
3
Long head
Lateral head
Medial or deep head
65
Where does the long head of the tricep arise and insert?
Arises from infraglenoid tubercle
Inserts onto olecrannon
66
What is the extensor called of the elbow?
Triceps
67
Where does the lateral head arise and insert?
Arises from high up on the lateral side of the posterior humerus
Inserts onto the olecrannon process
68
Where does the medial/deep head arise an insert?
Arises from the broad area lower down and more medially on the humerus
Inserts onto the olecrannon
69
Where does the tricep tendon insert?
Olecrannon
70
What action does the triceps do?
Extension
71
Where is the anconius located?
Runs from the lateral epicondyle to the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna
72
Is the anconius a minor or major extensor?
Minor extensor
73
What are the 2 pronator muscles in the forearm?
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
74
Where does the pronator teres arise and insert?
Arises from the medial epicondyle
Inserts from halfway down the lateral surface of the radius
75
Which of the 2 pronator muscles is larger and more proximal?
Pronator teres
76
The pronator teres's deep head or origin arises from..?
Coronoid process
77
What is the action of the pronator teres?
Pronate the forearm
78
Where does the pronator quadratus arise and insert?
Arises from the anteromedial aspect of the ulna
Inserts on the anterior surface of the radius
79
Where does the supinator arise and insert?
Arises from the: Lateral epicondyle, annular ligament, ridge of the ulna, supinator crest
Inserts on the radius, along a line ending just above the insertion of pronator teres
80
How many supinator muscles are there and what are they called?
2
Supinator
Biceps
81
Where do the biceps arise and insert?
Arises from the apex of coracoid process
Inserts on the radial tuberosity
82
What movements do the biceps do?
Rotates the radius, especially when elbow is flexed
83
Which one is stronger? Pronation or supination. And why?
Supination is more powerful due to the biceps contribution
84
How many flexors and extensors are there in the wrist?
3
3
85
What are the flexor muscles of the wrist?
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
86
Where do the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris arise and insert?
Both arise from medial epicondyle
Flexor carpi radialis inserts onto the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
Flexor carpi ulnaris inserts onto the base of the 5th metacarpal, pisiform, hamate
87
What tendon do the flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis share?
Common flexor tendon
88
From the pisiform, the pull of flexor carpi ulnaris is transmitted to the hamate bone, and to the base of the fifth metacarpal, by what strong ligaments?
Piso-hamate
Piso-metacarpal
89
When the wrist flexors work together, what movements do they produce?
When the wrist flexors work separately, what movements do they produce?
Flexion when working together
Ulnar abduction and radial abduction when working separately
90
Where does the palmaris longus arise and insert?
Medial epicondyle
Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis (fascia)
91
What are the wrist extensors?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi ulnaris
92
Where does the extensor carpi radialis longus arise and insert?
Arises from the lateral epicondyle, lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
Inserts on the dorsal surface of the 2nd metacarpal
93
Where does the extensor carpi radialis brevis arise and insert?
Arises from the lateral epicondyle
Inserts onto 3rd metacarpal on the radial side of the dorsal surface
94
Where does the extensor carpi ulnaris arise and insert?
Arises from the lateral epicondyle, posterior border of the ulna
Inserts base of the 5th metacarpal
95
What is the structure called where the extensor tendons pass under?
Extensor retinaculum
96
Flex finger =
Flex tips =
Flex thumb =
Pronate =
Flexor digitorum superficialis - only fingers flexion
Flexor digitorum profundus - flexors of tips
Flexor pollicus longus - flexors of thumb
Pronator quadratus - flexors of thumb and pronation
97
What muscles are part of the anatomical snuffbox?
Abductor pollicus brevis
Extensor pollicus brevis and longus
98
SUPERFICIAL LAYER
Movement from the first finger
Movement from the 2nd finger
Movement from the 3rd finger
Movement from the pinky finger
Above pinky finger
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
99
DEEP LAYER
Amy
Says
Anatomical snuffbox
Incredible
Anconius
Supinator
Extensor pollicis longus, brevis, abductor poliicis longus
Extensor indicies - extends index finger
100
4 FINGER FOREARM
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
1st finger
2nd finger - flexes carpals, wrist, and radial deviation
3rd finger - flexes wrist, and flexion of the elbow
4th finger - flexes wrist, ulnar deviation, elbow flexion
