Anatomy Review Flashcards
The iliac crest is at what vertebral level?
Iliac crest is about L5
Why is the pelvic diaphragm tonically contracted?
Tonic contraction of the pelvic diaphragm allows us to maintain continence.
It must relax when we want to defecate or urinate.
Describe the venous drainage of the gonads. (2)
Right: Gonadal (ovarian/testicular) vein -> IVC
Left: Gonadal (ovarian/testicular vein) -> Left Renal Vein -> IVC
*left takes the long way
What is a varicocele?
Are varicoceles more common on the left or right?
Varicocele = dilated testicular veins (visible externally)
More common on left due to circuitous route and acute angle of testicular vein
Describe the lymph node drainage of the perineum
Lymph node drainage
- Para-aortic nodes: ovaries/testes
- Iliac nodes: uterus/cervix/proximal vagina, prostate/corpus cavernosum
- Inguinal nodes: distal vagina/vulva, scrotum/glans penis
What is the pathway of sperm during ejaculation?
SEVEN UP
- Seminiferous tubules
- Epididymis
- Vas deferens
- Ejaculatory ducts (also receives input from seminal vesicles)
- (nothing)
- Urethra
- Penis
What nerves are derivatives of pharyngeal pouches 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6?
Man, fetuses grow so ridiculously large!
- 1: Mandibular n.
- 2: Facial n.
- Glossopharyngeal n.
- Superior laryngeal n.
- Recurrent laryngeal n.
What are the three bones of the pelvis?
Ilium, ischium, and pubic bones.
Name 4 things that exit the greater sciatic foramen.
Describe their relation to the muscle present.
- Superior to piriformis
- Superior gluteal artery and nerve
- Inferior to piriformis
- Inferior gluteal artery & nerve
- Sciatic nerve
- Pudendal artery & nerve
Define the upper border of the perineum
What is contained in the perineum?
What nerve supplies it?
- Upper border of the perineum is the pelvic diaphragm (muscles)
- Perineum contains the external genitalia
- Supplied by pudendal nerve
Describe the innervation of the male sexual response
Point & Shoot
- Parasympathetic for erection (S2,3,4 keeps the penis off the floor)
- Sympathetic & somatic for emission/ejaculation
What is the origin of the inguinal canal?
What is contained within the inguinal canal?
- Inguinal canal is made by the processus vaginalis
- Contains round ligament in women and spermatic cord in men
Describe the three layers of spermatic cord fascia and their origins
ICE TIE
- Internal spermatic fascia
- origin: transversalis fascia
- Cremasteric muscle and fascia
- origin: internal oblique
- External spermatic fascia
- origin: external oblique
Describe the anatomical relationship between the bladder, uterus/vagina, and rectum
- Bladder is anterior
- Uterus/vagina is middle
- Rectum is posterior
Name all the structures.
Describe what two structures are connected by….
- Ovarian ligament
- Round ligament
- Cardinal ligament
-
Ovarian ligament: medial part of ovary to uterus
- Named b/c it connects the two most important structures
-
Round ligament: Uterus to labia majora (travels through inguinal canal)
- Labia majora are like round lips
-
Cardinal ligament: Uterus to lateral pelvis
- Birds fly away (to the edges)
In what ligaments can the ovarian and uterine vessels be found?
- Ovarian vessels are in the infundibulopelvic/suspensory ligament
- Uterine vessels are in the cardinal ligament
What is the origin of ovarian and uterine arteries?
What artery supplies the vagina?
- Ovarian arteries are from abdominal aorta
- Uterine arteries are from internal iliac a.
- Vagina supplied by internal pudendal a.
Where are direct and indirect inguinal hernias relative to the inferior epigastric vessels?
MD’s don’t LIe
- Medial of inferior epigastric vessel = Direct
- Lateral of inferior epigastric vessel = Indirect
Compare the pathway of direct and indirect inguinal hernias.
What is a risk factor for each?
-
Indirect: goes through internal and external inguinal ring into the scrotum
- Risk factor: patent processus vaginalis
-
Direct: goes through the abdominal wall and external inguinal ring
- Risk factor: weakened abdominal muscles
