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Foundations of Medicine PA S1 > Anatomy Review > Flashcards

Anatomy Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to each other

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2
Q

Gross (Macroscopic) Anatomy

A

the study of structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye

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3
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

all the body structures (muscles, bones, blood, vessels, nerves, etc.) in a given body region, such as the abdomen or leg, are examined at the same time

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4
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

body is studied system by system
ex: when studying the cardiovascular system, you would examine the heart and the blood vessels of the entire body

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5
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

internal body structures as they relate to the overlying skin
ex: clinicians use it to locate appropriate blood vessels in which to feel pulses and draw blood

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6
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

the study of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye
Cytology: study of individual cells
Histology: study of tissues

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7
Q

Developmental Anatomy

A

the study of the change in body structures over the course of a lifetime

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8
Q

Embryology

A

concerns the developmental changes that occur before birth

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9
Q

Pathological Anatomy

A

study of structural changes associated with disease

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10
Q

Radiographic Anatomy

A

study of internal structures using specialized visualization techniques (X-rays or special scanning devices)

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11
Q

Molecular Biology

A

study of biological molecules

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12
Q

Chemical Organization of Human Body

A

Atoms: made up of subatomic particles
Molecules: 2 or more atoms
Macromolecules: small molecules joined together

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13
Q

Cellular Organization of Body

A

macromolecules combine to form cells
basic structural and functional unit of body

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14
Q

Tissue Organization of Body

A

group of cells working together to perform a function
- 4 basic types:
1. epithelial
2. connective tissu
3. muscle
4. nerve

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15
Q

Organ Organization of Body

A

two or more tissues joined together with a specific function and shape

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16
Q

System Organization of Body

A

related organs with a common function
-11 systems in human body

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17
Q

Anatomical Position

A

standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out

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18
Q

Superior

A

toward the head/upper part of a structure

19
Q

Inferior

A

away from the head/toward the lower part of a structure

20
Q

Anterior

A

at or near the front of the body (frontal anatomical view)

21
Q

Posterior

A

at or near the back of the body (back anatomical view)

22
Q

Medial

A

nearer to the midline

23
Q

Lateral

A

farther from the midline

24
Q

Proximal

A

nearer to the origination of a structure

25
Q

Distal

A

farther from the origination of a structure

26
Q

Superficial

A

close to the surface of the body

27
Q

Deep

A

away from the surface of the body

28
Q

Sagittal

A

divides body into left and right portions

29
Q

Mid-saggital/Median

A

divides body into equal left and right portions

30
Q

Transverse/Horizontal

A

divides body into superior and inferior portions

31
Q

Coronal/Frontal

A

divides body into anterior and posterior portions

32
Q

Flexion

A

refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts

33
Q

Extension

A

refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts

34
Q

Abduction

A

a movement away from the midline
ex: abduction of the shoulder raises the arms out to the sides of the body

35
Q

Adduction

A

movement towards the midline
ex: adduction of the hip squeezes the legs together

36
Q

Supination

A

turning body parts from supine position up, aka flipping palm to face up is supination

37
Q

Pronation

A

turning body parts to put supine position down is pronation, for example palm facing down

38
Q

Circumduction

A

defined as a conical movement of a limb extending from the joint at which the movement is controlled.

39
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A

includes the cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord)

40
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A

includes thoracic cavity (heart and lungs), diaphragm, abdominal cavity (digestive viscera), and pelvic cavity (bladder, reproductive organs and rectum)

41
Q

Serous Membrane

A

walls of ventral body cavity and outer surface of organs are covered with this thin, double-layered membrane

42
Q

Parietal Serous Membrane

A

lines the body cavity walls and is named for the specific cavities it is associated with
- lines stuff in ventral body cavity

43
Q

Visceral Serous Membrane

A

covers the outer surfaces of organs and is named for the specific organs it is associated with (all within ventral cavity)

44
Q

Serous Fluid

A

fluid secreted by the serous membranes that allows for organs to slide without friction along cavity walls and between each other

Foundations of Medicine PA S1 (13 decks)

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