Anatomy Review

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to each other

Question 2

Gross (Macroscopic) Anatomy

Answer 2

the study of structures large enough to be seen with the naked eye

Question 3

Regional Anatomy

Answer 3

all the body structures (muscles, bones, blood, vessels, nerves, etc.) in a given body region, such as the abdomen or leg, are examined at the same time

Question 4

Systemic Anatomy

Answer 4

body is studied system by system
ex: when studying the cardiovascular system, you would examine the heart and the blood vessels of the entire body

Question 5

Surface Anatomy

Answer 5

internal body structures as they relate to the overlying skin
ex: clinicians use it to locate appropriate blood vessels in which to feel pulses and draw blood

Question 6

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 6

the study of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye
Cytology: study of individual cells
Histology: study of tissues

Question 7

Developmental Anatomy

Answer 7

the study of the change in body structures over the course of a lifetime

Question 8

Embryology

Answer 8

concerns the developmental changes that occur before birth

Question 9

Pathological Anatomy

Answer 9

study of structural changes associated with disease

Question 10

Radiographic Anatomy

Answer 10

study of internal structures using specialized visualization techniques (X-rays or special scanning devices)

Question 11

Molecular Biology

Answer 11

study of biological molecules

Question 12

Chemical Organization of Human Body

Answer 12

Atoms: made up of subatomic particles
Molecules: 2 or more atoms
Macromolecules: small molecules joined together

Question 13

Cellular Organization of Body

Answer 13

macromolecules combine to form cells
basic structural and functional unit of body

Question 14

Tissue Organization of Body

Answer 14

group of cells working together to perform a function
- 4 basic types:
1. epithelial
2. connective tissu
3. muscle
4. nerve

Question 15

Organ Organization of Body

Answer 15

two or more tissues joined together with a specific function and shape

Question 16

System Organization of Body

Answer 16

related organs with a common function
-11 systems in human body

Question 17

Anatomical Position

Answer 17

standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, palms facing forward and thumbs out

Question 18

Superior

Answer 18

toward the head/upper part of a structure

Question 19

Inferior

Answer 19

away from the head/toward the lower part of a structure

Question 20

Anterior

Answer 20

at or near the front of the body (frontal anatomical view)

Question 21

Posterior

Answer 21

at or near the back of the body (back anatomical view)

Question 22

Medial

Answer 22

nearer to the midline

Question 23

Lateral

Answer 23

farther from the midline

Question 24

Proximal

Answer 24

nearer to the origination of a structure

Question 25

Distal

Answer 25

farther from the origination of a structure

Question 26

Superficial

Answer 26

close to the surface of the body

Question 27

Deep

Answer 27

away from the surface of the body

Question 28

Sagittal

Answer 28

divides body into left and right portions

Question 29

Mid-saggital/Median

Answer 29

divides body into equal left and right portions

Question 30

Transverse/Horizontal

Answer 30

divides body into superior and inferior portions

Question 31

Coronal/Frontal

Answer 31

divides body into anterior and posterior portions

Question 32

Flexion

Answer 32

refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts

Question 33

Extension

Answer 33

refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts

Question 34

Abduction

Answer 34

a movement away from the midline ex: abduction of the shoulder raises the arms out to the sides of the body

Question 35

Adduction

Answer 35

movement towards the midline ex: adduction of the hip squeezes the legs together

Question 36

Supination

Answer 36

turning body parts from supine position up, aka flipping palm to face up is supination

Question 37

Pronation

Answer 37

turning body parts to put supine position down is pronation, for example palm facing down

Question 38

Circumduction

Answer 38

defined as a conical movement of a limb extending from the joint at which the movement is controlled.

Question 39

Dorsal Body Cavity

Answer 39

includes the cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord)

Question 40

Ventral Body Cavity

Answer 40

includes thoracic cavity (heart and lungs), diaphragm, abdominal cavity (digestive viscera), and pelvic cavity (bladder, reproductive organs and rectum)

Question 41

Serous Membrane

Answer 41

walls of ventral body cavity and outer surface of organs are covered with this thin, double-layered membrane

Question 42

Parietal Serous Membrane

Answer 42

lines the body cavity walls and is named for the specific cavities it is associated with - lines stuff in ventral body cavity

Question 43

Visceral Serous Membrane

Answer 43

covers the outer surfaces of organs and is named for the specific organs it is associated with (all within ventral cavity)

Question 44

Serous Fluid

Answer 44

fluid secreted by the serous membranes that allows for organs to slide without friction along cavity walls and between each other