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Biology > Anatomy (Rat and Human) > Flashcards

Anatomy (Rat and Human) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Masseter

A

Elevates the mandible

Huge in the rat

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1
Q

Function of the Pectoralis Major

A

Arm movement, respiration

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2
Q

Digastric

A

Depressed the mandible

Raises the hyoid

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3
Q

Oral Cavity

A

Salivary amylase-breaks down carbs

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4
Q

Esophagus

A

Smooth muscle-peristalsis

-moves food from mouth to stomach

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5
Q

Stomach

A
  • Has pepsin
  • rugae inside
  • very acidic
  • chyme
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6
Q

Small intestine

A

Duodenum- where pancreatic enzymes and bile are released

-nutrient absorption

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7
Q

Caecum

A
  • Sac with bacteria that break down cellulose

- it’s is bigger in herbivores

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8
Q

Large intestine

A
  • most water absorption

- vitamin K and B12 are absorbed

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9
Q

Liver

A
  • Creates bile-emulsifies fats

- Site of fat soluble vitamin storage

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10
Q

Gall bladder

A

-stores bile

(Rats don’t have one(

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11
Q

Pancreas

A
  • enzyme and hormone production

- pancreatic amylase: breaks down carbs

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12
Q

Mesentery

A

Connective tissue holding the intestines together in the abdominal cavity

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13
Q

Spleen

A

Recycles RBCs

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14
Q

Trachea

A
  • larynx
  • supported by cartilaginous rings
  • uses to take air to the lungs
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15
Q

Lung

A

Primary organ of respiration

-includes alveoli

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16
Q

Epiglottis

A

Prevents food from entering the trachea

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17
Q

Diaphragm

A

Smooth muscle that changes the volume of the thoracic cavity for respiration
Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities internally

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18
Q

Coronary veins and arteries

A

Leave or enter the heart

Feed the heart

19
Q

Renal veins and arteries

A

To and from the kidneys

20
Q

Hepatic portal system

A

Takes nutrients to the LIVER from small intestine

Liver

21
Q

Kidney

A

Filters blood and removes waste

22
Q

Hilius

A

Ureter

Renal arteries and veins

23
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Stores urine

24
Q

Urethra

A

Where waste leaves the body as urine

25
Q

Scrotum

A

Maintains temperature of the testes

26
Q

Testis

A

Produce sperm and androgens

27
Q

Epididymis

A

Sperm storage and maturation

28
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Secretes the majority of fluid that becomes semen

29
Q

Prostate

A
  • secretes 20-30% of the fluid that becomes semen

- helps expel semen during ejaculation

30
Q

Spermatic chord

A

Transports sperm from testis to urethra

31
Q

Body of the uterus

A

Fetus storage and maturation in certain animals( like in humans)

32
Q

Horn of the uterus

A

Fetus storage and maturation in certain animals (like in rats)

33
Q

Yolk sac

A

Provides nutrients for the offspring

34
Q

Placenta

A

Hormone secretion, nutrient uptake, waste elimination, gas exchange

35
Q

Levels of biodiversity

A

Genetic
Species
Ecosystems

36
Q

Threats to Biodiversity

A

Habitat loss
Introduces species
Over exploitation

37
Q

Species interactions

A

Interspecific Competition
Intraspecific Competition
Predation
Herbivory

38
Q

Mechanisms of Evolution

A 
Mutation
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
Non-random Mating
Natural selection
39
Q

Gene flow

A

The transfer of alleles from one population to another resulting from the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes

40
Q

Genetic Drift

A

A process in which chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele frequencies from one generation to the next

41
Q

Natural Selection

A

A process by which individuals that have certain inherited traits ten to survive and reproduce at higher rates

42
Q

HWE Requirements

A

Large population size
No natural selection, mutation, gene flow, or genetic drift
Random mating

43
Q

Characteristics of a monocot

A 
1 Cotyledon
Leaf Venation is Parallel
Vascular bundles are scattered
Roots are fibrous
Multiples of 3
44
Q

Characteristics of a dicot

A 
2 Cotyledons
Leaf Venation is net-like
Vascular bundles are arranged in ring
Taproots present
Multiples of 4 and 5
45
Q

Monocot vs dicot roots

A

Dicot roots have the T in the center

Monocot have a ring of vascular bundles

Biology (3 decks)

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