Anatomy 🫀 (PPT)

Question 1

what are the ends of the clavicle (Collar bone)?

Answer 1

medial (sternal) & lateral (acromial).

Question 2

what are the characteristics of the shaft of the clavicle?

Answer 2

convex anteriorly near the sternal junction & concave anteriorly on its lateral edge near the acromion

Question 3

what are the Surfaces of the clavicle?

Answer 3

superior (smooth) & inferior (rough).

Question 4

articulation Of the clavicle

Answer 4

• The medial end articulates with the manubrium joint at the sternoclavicular joint
• The lateral end articulates with the acromion of the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint

Question 5

what are the Surfaces of the scapula (shoulder blade)?

Answer 5

ventral & Dorsal

Question 6

what are another general features for the scapula?

Answer 6

Borders, Angles, Processes, Notches & Fossae.

Question 7

articulation of the scapula

Answer 7

• Acromion articulates with the lateral end of the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint.
• Glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral (shoulder joint).

Question 8

what are the ends of the humerus?

Answer 8

upper & lower.

Question 9

what are the features of the vertical shaft of the humerus?

Answer 9

3 borders & 3 surfaces.

Question 10

articulation of the humerus

Answer 10

• The head articulates with the glenoid cavity of
  the scapula at the shoulder joint.
• The lower end (trochlea, capitulum) articulates with the forearm bones (trochlear notch of ulna, head of radius) at the elbow joint.

Question 11

what are the general features of trapezius muscle?

Answer 11

❑ flat and triangular shaped
❑ The muscles on both sides together form a trapezoid.

Question 12

what is the type of Wrist joint?

Answer 12

synovial, ellipsoid

Question 13

articular bones of Wrist joint

Answer 13

• Superiorly: the lower end of radius & triangular articular disc below the head of ulna.
• Inferiorly: the scaphoid lunate & triquetral bones of the proximal carpal row.

Question 14

what are the movements of Wrist joint?

Answer 14

• Flexion
• Extension
• Abduction
• adduction

Question 15

what happens in case of lesion in gluteus maximus?

Answer 15

• Difficulty in stepping into bus
• Difficulty in arising from chair Is often an early complain
• Difficulty in climbing stairs

Question 16

lesion in gluteus Medius & Minimus

Answer 16

Tilting of pelvis to unsupported side (Trendelenburg Sign)

Question 17

what causes inability to stand in tiptoes?

Answer 17

lesion in tibial nerve

Question 18

what is the action of soleus?

Answer 18

1- Plantar flexion
2- Steadies the leg on foot during standing
3- Propelling force in walking
4- Muscle pump for venous return

Question 19

what is the insertion of plantaris?

Answer 19

1- Middle part of posterior surface of calcaneum separately or with tendocalcaneus

2- Deep fascia

Question 20

what is the origin of Flexor Digitorum Longus?

Answer 20

Posterior surface of tibia (below soleal line & medial to the vertical line)

Question 21

what is the origin and insertion of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?

Answer 21

Origin:
- Anterior Part of Superior Surface of Calcaneum

Insertion:
- Base Of 1st Proximal Phx
- Extensor Expansion of Middle 3 Toes

Nerve supply:
- Anterior Tibial N (Lateral Branch)

Question 22

what is the definition of Planter Aponeurosis?

Answer 22

Thickened Central Part of Deep Fascia of the Sole.

Question 23

what is the function of Planter Aponeurosis?

Answer 23

• Protect Underlying V&N.
• Maintain Longitudinal Arch of the Foot.

Question 24

what is the Post Tibio-fibular Lig. of inferior Tibio-Fibular joint Attached to?

Answer 24

Maleolar fossa.

Question 25

what are the characters of transverse arch of the foot?

Answer 25

1) Transmission of the body weight. 2) Giving the foot elasticity for movement (Important in Walking). 3) Adaptation of the foot to irregular or sloping surfaces. 4) Protection of the plantar nerves & vessels.

Question 26

what are extensor retinaculum of the leg?

Answer 26

- Superior extensor retinaculum - Inferior extensor retinaculum

Question 27

what is the function of extensor retinaculum of the leg?

Answer 27

Keeps the extensor tendons in their place during their contraction

Question 28

what are the Structures under the extensor retinaculum of the leg?

Answer 28

**from medial to lateral side:** 1. Tibialis anterior. 2. Extensor hallucis longus 3. Anterior tibial vessels 4. Anterior tibial nerve 5. Extensor digitorum longus 6. Peroneus tertius | Tom has very nice dog and pig

Question 29

what are peroneal retinacula?

Answer 29

- Superior peroneal retinaculum - Inferior peroneal retinaculum

Question 30

what is the function of peroneal retinacula?

Answer 30

Keeps the peroneal tendons in their place during their contraction

Question 31

what are the structures under peroneal retinacula?

Answer 31

- Peroneus longus muscle. - Peroneus brevis muscle.

Question 32

what is the function of flexor retinacula of the leg ?

Answer 32

Keeps the flexor tendons in their place during their contraction

Question 33

what are the structures under flexor retinacula of the leg?

Answer 33

From medial to lateral side: 1. Tibialis posterior. 2. Flexor digitorum longus. 3. Posterior tibial vessels. 4. Tibial nerve. 5. Flexor hallucis longus. | Tom does very nice hack