Anatomy 🫀 (PPT) Flashcards
what are the ends of the clavicle (Collar bone)?
medial (sternal) & lateral (acromial).
what are the characteristics of the shaft of the clavicle?
convex anteriorly near the sternal junction & concave anteriorly on its lateral edge near the acromion
what are the Surfaces of the clavicle?
superior (smooth) & inferior (rough).
articulation Of the clavicle
- The medial end articulates with the manubrium joint at the sternoclavicular joint
- The lateral end articulates with the acromion of the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint
what are the Surfaces of the scapula (shoulder blade)?
ventral & Dorsal
what are another general features for the scapula?
Borders, Angles, Processes, Notches & Fossae.
articulation of the scapula
- Acromion articulates with the lateral end of the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint.
- Glenoid cavity articulates with the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral (shoulder joint).
what are the ends of the humerus?
upper & lower.
what are the features of the vertical shaft of the humerus?
3 borders & 3 surfaces.
articulation of the humerus
- The head articulates with the glenoid cavity of
the scapula at the shoulder joint. - The lower end (trochlea, capitulum) articulates with the forearm bones (trochlear notch of ulna, head of radius) at the elbow joint.
what are the general features of trapezius muscle?
❑ flat and triangular shaped
❑ The muscles on both sides together form a trapezoid.
what is the type of Wrist joint?
synovial, ellipsoid
articular bones of Wrist joint
- Superiorly: the lower end of radius & triangular articular disc below the head of ulna.
- Inferiorly: the scaphoid lunate & triquetral bones of the proximal carpal row.
what are the movements of Wrist joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- adduction
what happens in case of lesion in gluteus maximus?
- Difficulty in stepping into bus
- Difficulty in arising from chair Is often an early complain
- Difficulty in climbing stairs
lesion in gluteus Medius & Minimus
Tilting of pelvis to unsupported side (Trendelenburg Sign)
what causes inability to stand in tiptoes?
lesion in tibial nerve
what is the action of soleus?
1- Plantar flexion
2- Steadies the leg on foot during standing
3- Propelling force in walking
4- Muscle pump for venous return
what is the insertion of plantaris?
1- Middle part of posterior surface of calcaneum separately or with tendocalcaneus
2- Deep fascia
what is the origin of Flexor Digitorum Longus?
Posterior surface of tibia (below soleal line & medial to the vertical line)
what is the origin and insertion of Extensor Digitorum Brevis?
Origin:
- Anterior Part of Superior Surface of Calcaneum
Insertion:
- Base Of 1st Proximal Phx
- Extensor Expansion of Middle 3 Toes
Nerve supply:
- Anterior Tibial N (Lateral Branch)
what is the definition of Planter Aponeurosis?
Thickened Central Part of Deep Fascia of the Sole.
what is the function of Planter Aponeurosis?
- Protect Underlying V&N.
- Maintain Longitudinal Arch of the Foot.
what is the Post Tibio-fibular Lig. of inferior Tibio-Fibular joint Attached to?
Maleolar fossa.
what are the characters of transverse arch of the foot?
1) Transmission of the body weight.
2) Giving the foot elasticity for movement (Important in Walking).
3) Adaptation of the foot to irregular or sloping surfaces.
4) Protection of the plantar nerves & vessels.
what are extensor retinaculum of the leg?
- Superior extensor retinaculum
- Inferior extensor retinaculum
what is the function of extensor retinaculum of the leg?
Keeps the extensor tendons in their place during their contraction
what are the Structures under the extensor retinaculum of the leg?
from medial to lateral side:
- Tibialis anterior.
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Anterior tibial vessels
- Anterior tibial nerve
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Peroneus tertius
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what are peroneal retinacula?
- Superior peroneal retinaculum
- Inferior peroneal retinaculum
what is the function of peroneal retinacula?
Keeps the peroneal tendons in their place during their contraction
what are the structures under peroneal retinacula?
- Peroneus longus muscle.
- Peroneus brevis muscle.
what is the function of flexor retinacula of the leg ?
Keeps the flexor tendons in their place during their contraction
what are the structures under flexor retinacula of the leg?
From medial to lateral side:
- Tibialis posterior.
- Flexor digitorum longus.
- Posterior tibial vessels.
- Tibial nerve.
- Flexor hallucis longus.
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