Anatomy (Posterior Abdominal Wall)

Question 1

What 2 muscles function as hip flexors and combine to form iliopsoas?

Answer 1

Psoas Major + Minor and Iliacus

Question 2

What is the function of quadratus lumborum?

Answer 2

maintain posture + lateral bending

Question 3

What is the function of the diaphragm?

Answer 3

Inspiration

Question 4

What is a psoas abscess?

Answer 4

Infection deep to psoas fascia.

Patients want to keep their hip in flexion, cause if you extend the leg it compresses it causing lower abdominal pain “psoas sign”

Increases w/tuberculosis + appi

Question 5

The right and left crus come from what?

Answer 5

Dorsal Mesentary of esophagus

Question 6

The central tendon comes from what?

Answer 6

Septum transversum

Question 7

What 3 things does the diaphragm attach to?

Answer 7

1. Sternum
2. Inferior 6 ribs
3. Lumbar (medial + lateral arcuate L.)

Question 8

What 2 nerves pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 8

Splenic + left phrenic N.’s

Question 9

The caval opening (where IVC pierces diaphragm) happens @?

Answer 9

T8

Question 10

Where is the esophageal hiatus located at?

Answer 10

T10

Question 11

Where is the aortic hiatus located at?

Answer 11

T12

Question 12

Is the SMA anterior or posterior to the left renal vein?

Answer 12

Anterior

Question 13

Aorta

Answer 13

T12-L4

Question 14

Celiac

Answer 14

T12

Question 15

SMA

Answer 15

L1

Question 16

Renals

Answer 16

L1/L2

Question 17

Gonadal

Answer 17

L2

Question 18

IMA

Answer 18

L3

Question 19

Bifurcation

Answer 19

L4

Question 20

Body of pancreas + splenic V.

Answer 20

L1 + L2

Question 21

Left renal V.

Answer 21

L2

Question 22

Horizontal part of duodenum

Answer 22

L3

Question 23

Look at relationships

Answer 23

Question 24

How do adrenal glands get their hormones into the blood stream?

Answer 24

Veins

Question 25

What innervates the adrenal glands?

Answer 25

Preganglionic sympathetics (T6-L2)

Question 26

What is the blood supply for the adrenal glands?

Answer 26

Inferior suprarenal A. comes from renal A.

Superior suprarenal A. comes from Inferior phrenic A.

Question 27

Which kidney is lower?

Answer 27

Right kidney = 1/2 inch below left

It is pushed down by liver

Question 28

What are kineys in contact with?

Answer 28

subcostal N. + L1 N.’s (ilioinguinal + iliohypogastric)

and posterior M.’s and diaphragm

Question 29

What 3 things does the right kidney touch?

Answer 29

1. Liver
2. Duodenum
3. Ascending colon

Question 30

What 5 things does the left kidney touch?

Answer 30

1. Pancreas
2. Stomach
3. Spleen
4. Coils of Jejunum
5. Descending colon

Question 31

At which level is the renal pelvis located?

Answer 31

L1 (transpyloric plane)

Question 32

List the structures in the renal pelvis (A–>P).

Answer 32

Anterior —> Posterior

RV, RA, R pelvis

Question 33

In a male, the ureter is posterior to _________.

Answer 33

Ductus deferns

Question 34

In a female, the ureter is posterior to the _________.

Answer 34

Uterine artery

(important for hysterectomy)

Question 35

The ureteropelvic junction, external iliac artery/pelvis, and bladder wall are what?

Answer 35

The 3 constriction points for the ureters

Question 36

Lympathic drainage for posterior abdominal wall

Answer 36

Lumbar nodes —> cysterna chyli

Question 37

What lymph nodes does an organ in the foregut drain into?

Answer 37

Celiac L.N.’s

Question 38

What L.N.’s does midgut drain into?

Answer 38

SMA L.N.’s (remember SMA supplies midgut)

Question 39

What L.N.’s does hindgut drain into?

Answer 39

IMA L.N.’s –> cisterna chyli —> thoracic duct

Question 40

Which nerve do you compress when wearing a tight belt (muffin top)?

Answer 40

Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

Question 41

What does obturator nerve supply?

Answer 41

Adductor M.’s and medial aspect of thigh

Question 42

What does femoral N. supply?

Answer 42

Hip flexors + quads (extend leg)

Skin on anterior thigh + medial leg

Answer 43