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GI Final > Anatomy (Blood + Nerve Supply) > Flashcards

Anatomy (Blood + Nerve Supply) Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the aorta enter + exit the body cavity?

A

Enters diaphragm @ T12

Ends @ L4 where it splits into right + left common iliac arteries

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2
Q

What are the 3 unpaired visceral branches of the aorta + levels? What embryological structure do they supply?

A
  1. Celiac (T12) –> Foregut
  2. Superior Mesenteric (L1) –> Midgut
  3. Inferior Mesenteric (L3) –> Hindgut
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3
Q

What are the 3 paired lateral visceral branches of the aorta?

A
  1. Suprarenal (L1)
  2. Renal (L1/L2)
  3. Gonadal (L2)
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4
Q

What are the 3 paired parietal branches of the aorta + levels?

A
  1. Inferior phrenic (T12)
  2. Subcostal (T12)
  3. Lumbar (L1-4)
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5
Q

The celiac + superior mesenteric arteries have what parasympathetic + sympathetic innervation?

A

P: Vagus

S: Thoracic splanchnic N.’s

(T5-9) & (T8-T12)

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6
Q

What is the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

P: Pelvic Splanchnic N.’s

S: Lumbar Splanchnic N.’s (L1+2)

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7
Q

Where is the referred pain for celiac A.?

A

Epigastrium

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8
Q

Where is the referred pain for the superior mesenteric A.?

A

Umbilical

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9
Q

Where is the referred pain for the inferior mesenteric A.?

A

Hypogastrium

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10
Q

What 3 arteries come off the celiac trunk?

A
  1. Common hepatic A.
  2. Left gastric A.
  3. Splenic A.
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11
Q

What gives the liver 75% of its blood supply?

A

Hepatic portal vein (sustains liver parenchyma)

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12
Q

What gives the liver 20-25% of its blood supply?

A

Hepatic A. (sustains non-parenchymal stuctures)

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13
Q

Each lobe of the liver has its own portal triad. What is found in the portal triad?

A
  1. Portal Vein
  2. Hepatic A.
  3. Bile duct
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14
Q

Where do the hepatic veins drain into?

A

IVC

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15
Q

What traingle makes up the blood supply to the gallbladder? List its components

A

Cystohepatic traingle of calot

  1. Common hepatic duct
  2. Cystic duct
  3. Cystic A.
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16
Q

Short gastric arteries supply part of the stomach, but they can also supply the _______.

A

spleen

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17
Q

List the blood supply to the stomach + its anastomoses

A
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18
Q

Coming off the Gastroduodenal A. what supplies the head of the pancreas?

A

Anterior + posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal A.’s

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19
Q

What supplies the body + tail of the pancreas

A

Splenic A.

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20
Q

What is the blood supply for the ascending colon?

A

Middle colic A.

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21
Q

What is the blood supply for the descending colon?

A

Left colic A.

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22
Q

What is the blood supply for the duodenum + pancreas?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal A.

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23
Q

How would you describe jujunal A.’s?

A

Few arcades

Long vasa recta

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24
Q

How would you describe Ilial A.’s?

A

Lots of arcades

Short vasa recta

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25
Q

What are common variations for the SMA?

A

The right + middle colic A.’s have a common trunk or the right + ileocolic A.’s have a common trunk or an artery is missing

26
Q

What A.’s come off the superior mesenteric A.?

A
27
Q

What is nutcracker syndrome?

A

When the SMA compresses the 3rd part of the duodenum and left renal vein. Usually w/ a loss of mesenteric fat.

Symptoms: Left flank (side) pain. Blood + protein in urine, nausea, bile vomit

28
Q

What arteries anastomose to form the Marginal Artey (of Drummond)?

A
  1. Iliocolic A.
  2. Right colic A.
  3. Middle colic A.
  4. Left colic A.
29
Q

What arteries come off the inferior mesenteric A.?

A
30
Q

Superior rectal artery comes from?

A

IMA

31
Q

Middle rectal A. comes from?

A

Internal iliacs

32
Q

Inferior rectal A. comes from?

A

Internal pudendal

33
Q

The superior rectal vein drains into _____.

A

The portal system and then to the liver.

34
Q

The middle + inferior rectal veins drain into _______.

A

The caval or systemic system and then to the IVC.

35
Q

Internal hemorrhoids are generally not painful because they are ______________. They also are a prolapse of rectal mucose that contain dilated veins of the internal venous plexus.

A

above the pectinate line

36
Q

Describe external hemorrhoids.

A

They are PAINFUL because they are BELOW the pectinate line and are innervated by somatic sensory fibers.

37
Q

At what levels does the IVC enter + exit the abdomen?

A

Begins @ L5

Passes through diaphragm @ T8

38
Q

What drains into the left renal vein?

A

Left gonadal vein

39
Q

What forms the azygous vein?

A

lumbar veins

40
Q

What forms the hemi- azygous vein?

A

posterior intercostal veins

41
Q

What two veins converge to form the portal vein?

A

Superior mesenteric vein + Splenic vein

42
Q

What are the 4 portal-caval anastomoses?

A
  1. esophageal (left gastric/azygous veins)
  2. rectal (sup. rectal/middle rectal veins)
  3. paraumbilical (paraumbilical/epigastric)
  4. retroperitoneal (colic/systemic retroperitoneal veins)
43
Q

At what portal/caval anastomoses do you find portal hypertension?

A

Esophageal: esophageal varices

44
Q

At what portal/caval anastomoses do you find hemorrhoids?

A

rectal

45
Q

At what portal/caval anastomoses do you find caput medusae?

A

paraumbilical

46
Q

What levels do greater splanchnic innervate?

A

T5-T9

47
Q

What levels do lesser splanchnic N.’s innervate?

A

T10 + T11

48
Q

What levels do least splanchnic N.’s innervate?

A

T12

49
Q

What levels do lumbar splanchnic N.’s innervate?

A

L1 + L2

50
Q

Pelvic splanchnic N.’s innervate at levels…?

A

S2,3,4

51
Q

Through parasympathetic innervation, the vagus nerve uses presynaptic parasympathetic to innervate ____________. And visceral afferent fibers for ________.

A

presynaptic parasympathetic = all organs in foregut + midgut (stops at splenic flexure)

visceral afferent fibers = reflexes

52
Q

Through parasympatheitc innervation the pelvic splanchnic nerves convery ____synaptic _____sympathetic fibers to the inferior hypogastric plexus.

A

Presynaptic

Parasympathetic

53
Q

What does sympathetic innervation do to the GI tract?

A

vasoconstriction + inhibits peristalsis

54
Q

The greater splanchnic N. synapses w/ ______ .

A

Celiac ganglia

55
Q

The lumbar splanchnic N. synapses w/ _______.

A

Infererior mesenteric ganglion

56
Q

The lesser + least splanchnic N.’s synpase w/ ________.

A

Aorticorenal ganglia

57
Q

PAIN TRAVELS WITH THE ___________.

A

SYMPATHETICS

58
Q

What 3 plexuses are sympathetic?

A
  1. Intermesenteric plexus
  2. Superior hypogastric plexus
  3. Hypogastric N.
59
Q

What 3 plexuses are mixed (sympathetic + parasympathetic)?

A
  1. Inferior hypogastric plexus
  2. Inferior mesenteric plexus
  3. Celiac plexus
60
Q

What travels w/ pelvic splanchnics below the pectinate line?

A

Visceral afferents (sensory)

61
Q

Pain almost always travels w/ sympathetics. What is the exception ot this?

A

Below the pelvic pain line, pain travels w/ parasympathetics

Pelvic pain line = where peritoneum covers organ (middle of sigmoid colon)

62
Q

What do visceral reflexes travel with?

A

The parasympathetics (ex. of a relex = peristalsis)

GI Final (12 decks)

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