Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal Study

Question 1

Bone Composition

Answer 1

(Considered an organ)
Bone Cartilage
Dense connective Tissue
Blood
Nervous Tissue

Question 2

Skeletal System Function

Answer 2

-Supports body structure
- Aids movement
- Protects Internal Organs
- Produces Blood Cells
- Stores & Releases Minerals/Fat

Question 3

Bone Classification

Answer 3

• Long bones
• Short bones
• Sesamoid Bones
• Flat bones
• Irregular Bones

Question 4

Long Bones

Answer 4

Function as levers: move as muscles contract.
Cylindrical shape, longer rather than wide.
Location: arms, legs, fingers, toes.

Question 5

Short Bones

Answer 5

Functions: Stability & support & limited motion.
Cube-like shape, equal in length/width/ thickness
Location: carpals of wrists & tarsals of ankles.

Question 6

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 6

Functions: protection of tendons.
Small/round shaped.
Form in tendons as joints, generating pressure.
Location: varies, typically in hands/feet/knees

Question 7

Flat bones

Answer 7

Function: points of attachments for muscle & protect internal organs.
Typically thin & curved
Located in: Cranial (skull) bones, scapulae (shoulder blades), sternum (breastbone), ribs.

Question 8

Irregular Bones

Answer 8

No characterized shape, typically more complex.
ex: vertebrae & facial bones (specifically around sinuses)

Question 9

DIAPHYSIS
(Macroscopic Structure of a long Bone)

Answer 9

Shaft of the bone.
Wall is made of tightly packed tissue -> compact bone
Contains medullary cavity, lined w/ endosteum & filled with marrow.

Question 10

PERIOSTEUM
(Macroscopic Structure of a long Bone)

Answer 10

Tough layer of Vascular connective tissue covering bone -> continuous w/ ligaments & tendons.
COntains bone-forming cells/ blood cells for bone survival.

Question 11

Osteocyte

Answer 11

Maintains bone tissue (most common)
Primary call of mature bone, passing nutrients & gasses in the matrix via canaliculi

Question 12

Osteoblast

Answer 12

Forms bone matrix
Forms new bone, found in periosteum & endosteum
Don’t divide- synthesize/secrete collagen matrix & calcium salts that then age into osteocytes.

Question 13

Osteogenic Cell

Answer 13

Stem Cell
Undifferentiated cells w/ high mitotic activity
Only bone cells that divide

Question 14

Osteoclast

Answer 14

Reabsorbs bone
Found on bone surfaces, have multiple nuclei, continually breaking down old bone. Plays a part in reshaping bone.

Question 15

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX
(Microscopic Structure of a Long Bone)

Answer 15

Consists of collagen & inorganic salts.
provides strength & resilience to crushing.

Question 16

CENTRAL CANALS
(Microscopic Structure of a Long Bone)

Answer 16

Contains blood vessels & nerve fibers, extending longitudinally through bone.
Interconnected by transverse perforating canals.

Question 17

Compact Bone

Answer 17

osteocytes & extracellular layers are organized into systems (osteons) that are cemented together.

Question 18

Spongy Bone

Answer 18

The osteocytes & extracellular matrix lie within trabeculae.