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Anatomy & Physiology > Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 2&3 > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 2&3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

Smallest unit of life.
Responsible for multiple chemical reactions, makes up all living organisms & tissues in the body.

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2
Q

Membrane

A

Thin layer enclosing cell, filters what enters and exits cell.

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3
Q

Organelles

A

Small specialized structures designed to perform certain tasks.

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

(Gelatinous liquid inside cells)
- gel-like substances suspending organelles.
- includes rods and tubules that form a framework called the “CYTOSKELETON”

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Houses genetic material & controls cellular activity.

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6
Q

Cell Membrane

A
  • regulates movement of substances in and out of cells.
  • selectively permeable
  • irregular shaped to allow for more surface area
  • made of liquids and proteins.
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7
Q

Nucleolus

A

Houses genome (cells control center)

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8
Q

Chromosome

A

Carries genetic information

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9
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Refines and packages protein

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10
Q

Mitochondria

A

Releases energy from nutrients

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11
Q

Lysosome

A

Organelles containing enzymes

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12
Q

Ribosome

A

Synthesizes protein

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13
Q

Support Function

A

Cells generally provide structural basis for organisms

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14
Q

Mitosis Function

A

All tissues grow via a process of cell multiplication

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15
Q

Transport Function

A

Cells getting rid of waste caused by processing nutrients and transport multiple chemicals in & out of the cell

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16
Q

Energy Function

A

All cells need energy to survive, in humans, this is respiration.

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17
Q

Metabolism Function

A

Chemical reactions processing energy which keep cells and organisms alive

18
Q

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

A

Source of energy for use and storage at a cellular level (certain things must enter and exit the cell)

19
Q

ACTIVE MECHANICS

A

Transports: move particles from low to high concentration

Endocytosis & Exocytosis: processes that move molecules in and out of cell w/o passing though membrane

20
Q

PASSIVE MECHANICS
(no energy required)

A

Diffusion: molecules move from low to high concentration

Osmosis: Movement of water across semipermeable membrane

Filtration: Molecules move through membranes by random movement

21
Q

CELL CYCLE

A

(A call forms & grows for a period of time before maturing enough to divide)
- increase in size
- copying DNA
- splits DNA in nucleus in 1/2 after preparation stage (interphase)
- cell divides & cycle repeats

22
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of composition of matter

23
Q

Matter

A

Everything that has weight and takes up space

24
Q

Element

A

What all matter is made of

25
Q

INORGANIC SUBSTANCES

A

Water
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Salts

26
Q

Water

A

solvent that moves chemicals (blood) in body

27
Q

Oxygen

A

Enters through respiration
carried by red blood cells
cellular organelles use it to release energy and drive metabolic process

28
Q

Carbon Dioxide

A

Produces as waste product when metabolic process releases energy (respiration

29
Q

Salts

A

Charged ions needed by tissues,
metabolic process uses; transportation of substances, muscle contraction, impulse conduction of nerve cells

30
Q

ORGANIC SUBSTANCES

A

Carbohydrates
Sugars
Lipids
Phospholipid
Proteins
Glycoproteins
Amino Acids

31
Q

Carbohydrates

A

provides energy for cells

32
Q

Sugars

A

Smallest carbohydrate molecules

33
Q

Lipids

A

Insoluable in water but soluble in some organic substances

34
Q

Phospholipid

A

Phosphate group & fatty acid portion of cell structure

35
Q

Proteins

A

Structure/energy sources as receptors of cells

36
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Formed protein and carbohydrates functioning as cell receptors

37
Q

Amino Acids

A

Building blocks of proteins (20 types)

38
Q

ORGANIC SUBSTANCES: NUCLEIC ACIDS
(Forms genes and takes part in protein synthesis)

A

Nucleotide
nucleic acids– DNA & RNA

39
Q

Nucleotides

A

Contains a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and one of several nitrogenous bases

40
Q

2 Types of Nucleic Acids

A

RNA
DNA

41
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic Acid

42
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Anatomy & Physiology (4 decks)

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