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Head and Neck > Anatomy & Physiology of the Throat > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology of the Throat Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures of the floor of the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

Sublingual gland

Submandibular gland

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2
Q

What are the functions of the oral cavity?

A

Taste

Mastication:

  • Teeth, tongue

Speech

  • Tongue, cheek, lips

Digestion

  • Salivary enzymes

Swallowing

  • Tongue, hard and soft palate
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3
Q

What is the structure of the tongue?

A

Intrinsic muscles - alter shape

Superior longitudinal

Inferior longitudinal

Transverse

Vertical

Extrinsic muscles - alter position

  • Genioglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Palatoglossus
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4
Q

What is the nerve supply of the tongue?

A

Special sensory:

Anterior 2/3 - Chorda Tympani (Facial Nerve)

Posterior 1/3 - Glossopharyngeal

Somatosensory:

Anterior 2/3 - Mandibular branch of Trigeminal

Posterior 1/3 - Glossopharyngeal

Motor:

Hypoglossal

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5
Q

Which structures of the tongue provide taste?

A

Fungiform papillae

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6
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

1) Lateral Pterygoid
2) Medial Pterygoid
3) Masseter
4) Temporalis

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7
Q

How are the muscles of mastication innervated?

A

Mandibular branch of Trigeminal nerve

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8
Q

What is the function of muscles of mastication?

A

Lateral pterygoid - Push jaw forwards

Medial pterygoid - Lifts mandible

Masseter - Lifts mandible

Temporalis - Lifts mandible

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9
Q

What are the key structures within the oropharynx?

A

Epiglottis (prevents food entering trachea)

Vallecula (sits anterior to epiglottis)

Palatoglossul arch (arches either side of uvula)

Palatopharyngeal arch (arches seen behind uvula)

Uvula (dangly bit)

Palatine tonsil

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10
Q

What is the nerve supply to the oropharynx area?

A

Pharyngeal nerve plexus:

1) Glossopharyngeal - sensory
2) Vagus - motor

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11
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the larynx and pharynx?

A

Larynx (motor & sensory) - Vagus

Pharynx - Vagus and Glossopharyngeal

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12
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Produces sound

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13
Q

What is the function of the Pharynx with respect to swallowing?

A

The constrictor muscles of the pharynx contract sequentially from top to bottom during swallowing, they move the bolus of food through the Pharynx and into the esophagus.

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14
Q

What are the principles of voice production?

A

1) Arytenoid cartilage and vocal cords are adducted and air is forced through the closed rima glotidis.
2) This forcing of air through the closed rima glotidis causes the vocal cords to vibrate against each other and produce sounds.
3) These sounds are then modified by the upper part of the airway and the oral cavity to phonate.

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Head and Neck (12 decks)

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