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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY > Anatomy & Physiology (Definition and Functions) > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology (Definition and Functions) Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

A

ANATOMY

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2
Q

It is the study of body structures that can be seen with the naked eye.

Study of large structures, easily observable

A

Gross Anatomy

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3
Q

What is the another term for Gross Anatomy

A

Macroscopic Anatomy

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4
Q

It is the study of structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye like cells and tissues can be viewed only with a microscope

A

Microscopic Anatomy

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5
Q

What is the meaning of Ana and Tomy from the Greek Words?

A

cut (tomy) ; apart (ana)

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6
Q

It is the study of how the body and its parts work or function

A

PHYSIOLOGY

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7
Q

What is the meaning of physio and ology?

A

physio = nature ; ology = the study of

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8
Q

True or False

Structure determines what functions can take place

A

TRUE

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9
Q

What are the Levels of Structural Organization?

A
  1. Atom
  2. Cell
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. System
  6. Organism
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10
Q

Tiny blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water

A

Atom

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11
Q

Smallest unit of living things has common structures & functions it may vary in size, shape and roles in the body

A

Cell

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12
Q

Group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

A

System

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13
Q

Consist of similar cells that have common function

A

Tissue

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14
Q

Composed of 2 or more tissues that perform specific function

A

Organ

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15
Q

Living thing/human being that is made up of organ system

Highest level of structural organization

The sum total off all structural levels working together to keep us alive

A

Organism

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16
Q

What are the Organ Systems?

A
  1. Integumentary System
  2. Skeletal System
  3. Muscular System
  4. Nervous System
  5. Endocrine System
  6. Cardiovascular System
  7. Lymphatic System
  8. Respiratory System
  9. Digestive System
  10. Urinary System
  11. Reproductive System
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17
Q

It is the external covering of the body, or the skin, including the hair and fingernails.

It waterproofs the body and cushions and protects the deeper tissues from injury

A

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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18
Q

Consists of bones, cartilages, and joints. Provides muscle attachment for movement. Storehouse for minerals

A

SKELETAL SYSTEM

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19
Q

It produces movement of bones and allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression

Function = to contract, or shorten

A

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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20
Q

It is the body’s fast-acting control system. It consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.

Responds to internal and external stimuli

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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21
Q

Secretes chemical molecules called hormones, into the blood

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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22
Q

The primary organs are heart and blood vessels.
Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, nurients, hormones.

Contains white blood cells and chemicals that provide protection from foreign invaders

A

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

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23
Q

Complements the cardiovascular system by returning leaked fluids back to bloodstream

Houses white blood cells, which are involved in IMMUNITY

A

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

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24
Q

Its job is to keep the body supplied with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide.

A

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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25
Q

It is basically a tube running through the body from mouth to anus. Their role is to break down food and deliver the resulting nutrients to the blood.

A

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

26
Q

Removes the nitrogen-containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine.

Maintains acid-base balance, helps regulate normal blood pressure.

A

URINARY SYSTEM

27
Q

Its role is to produce offspring such as for male reproductive system, their testes produces sperm. Meanwhile, for the females ovaries produces eggs

A

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

28
Q

What are the Necessary Life Functions?

A
  1. Maintaining Boundaries
  2. Movement
  3. Responsiveness (irritability)
  4. Digestion
  5. Metabolism
  6. Excretion
  7. Reproduction
  8. Growth
29
Q

Its “inside” remains distinct from its “outside”. Generally preventing entry of potentially damaging or unnecessary substances.

A

MAINTAINING BOUNDARIES

30
Q

Includes all the activities promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another.

Movement of substances

A

MOVEMENT

31
Q

The ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them.

A

RESPONSIVENESS

32
Q

The process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood. Breakdown and absorption of nutrients

A

DIGESTION

33
Q

Refers to all chemical reactions that occur within the body and all of its cells. Breaking down complex substances into simpler building blocks, making large structures from smaller ones

A

METABOLISM

34
Q

The process of removing excreta or wastes from the body. Wastes may be removed in urine, feces, or sweat

A

EXCRETION

35
Q

The production of offspring; occurs on cellular level or organismal level

A

REPRODUCTION

36
Q

Increases in cell size or in body size. Hormones play a major role

A

GROWTH

37
Q

What are the Survival Needs?

A
  1. Nutrients
  2. Oxygen
  3. Water
  4. Normal Body Temperature
  5. Atmospheric Pressure
38
Q

Two Types of Metabolism

A

Catabolism & Anabolism

39
Q

It is which the body takes in through food, contains the chemicals used for energy and cell building.

Include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals

A

NUTRIENTS

40
Q

It is required for chemical reactions; made available by the cooperation of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems

A

OXYGEN

41
Q

It accounts for 60 to 80 percent of body weight; most abundant chemical in the human body.

Provides fluid base for body secretions and excretions

A

WATER

42
Q

37ºC (98.6ºF) - below this temperature, chemical reactions slow and stop; above this temperature, chemical reactions proceed too rapidly

A

NORMAL BODY PRESSURE

43
Q

True or False

If body temperature is too high, chemical reactions proceed to rapidly and body proteins begin to break down

A

TRUE

44
Q

The force exerted on the surface of the body by weight of air; must be appropriate for gas exchange

A

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

45
Q

True or False

Breathing and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs depend on appropriate atmospheric pressure

A

TRUE

46
Q

It describes the body’s ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world is continuously changing.

Dynamic state of equilibrium, or balance

A

HOMEOSTASIS

47
Q

Necessary for normal body functioning and to sustain life

A

HOMEOSTASIS

48
Q

What are the Main Controlling System of Homeostasis?

A

NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

49
Q

What is the literal translation of homeostasis?

A

“Unchanging”

50
Q

What is the meaning of homeo, and stasis?

A

homeo = the same ; stasis = standing still

51
Q

True or False

Not every organ system plays a role in maintaining the constancy of the internal environment

A

False

52
Q

The disturbance in homeostasis results in disease

A

HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE

53
Q

What are the atleast THREE components of homeostatic control mechanisms?

A
  1. RECEPTOR
  2. CONTROL CENTER
  3. EFFECTOR
54
Q

A type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment (stimuli); and sends information to control center along an afferent pathway

A

RECEPTOR

55
Q

This component analyzes the information it receives and then determines the appropriate response or course of action

A

CONTROL CENTER

56
Q

What pathway information flows from control center to the effector?

A

EFFERENT PATHWAY

57
Q

It provides the means for the control center’s response. The results of the response then feedback to influence the stimulus.

A

EFFECTOR

58
Q

What are the Homeostatic control mechanisms?

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK AND POSITIVE FEEDBACK

59
Q

They are rare in the body because they tend to increase the original disturbance (stimulus) to push the variable farther/

Reaction occurs at a faster rate

A

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

60
Q

In positive feedback what does it occur?

A

Blood clotting and during the birth of a baby

61
Q

It includes most homeostatic control mechanisms; shuts off the original stimulus or reduces the intensity

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (4 decks)

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