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Mammography > Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the Breast > Flashcards

Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the Breast Flashcards

1
Q

The shape and size of the breast could depend on:

A

Age
Weight gain/loss
Hormonal use

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2
Q

Location of the breast is:

A

Clavicle (2nd or 3rd rib) to the 6th or 7th rib

Mid sternum to midaxillary line (latissimus dorsi muscle)

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3
Q

What type of gland is the breast

A

Sweat gland

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4
Q

The surface anatomy of the breast:

A

The skin
*Sebaceo glands and hair follicles
The Nipple
*Center point of the breast, 15-20 orifices
The Areola
*Circular dark area around the nipple, Montgomery’s glands

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5
Q

The breast is divided into 4 quadrants:

A

UOQ, UIQ, LIQ, LOQ

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6
Q

Approximately how many lobes does the female breast have?

A

15-20

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7
Q

TDLU

A

Terminal ductal lobular unit

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8
Q

What is the upper extent of the breast?

A

The clavicle at the 2nd or 3rd rib

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9
Q

The retromammary space is filled with a layer of what type of tissue?

A

Adipose or fatty tissue

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10
Q

On which two attachments is the breast most secure

A

Superior and medial

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11
Q

In which area of the breast is the skin the thinnest?

A

Closest to the nipple

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12
Q

Using clock notation, the 4 o’clock position (LIQ) on the right breast will represent which area on the left?

A

8 o’clock

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13
Q

The fibrous bands that predominate in the upper breast and support the breast structure are called?

A

Coopers ligaments

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14
Q

Which vessel would be more superficial, arteries or veins?

A

Veins

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15
Q

What is the approximate size of a lymph node?

A

2cm

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16
Q

What is the name given to the milk-producing elements of the breast?

A

Acinus

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17
Q

Where do most breast cancers originate?

A

The terminal ductal lobular units (TDLU)

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18
Q

What is the terminology used to describe a women who has borne more than one child?

A

Multiparous

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19
Q

Males with what syndrome are more prone to develop breast cancer?

A

Klinefelters syndrome

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20
Q

What effect will lactation have on the ducts and alveoli?

A

The alveoli and lactiferous ducts become dilated and distended with milk.

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21
Q

The breast meets the abdominal wall at approximately the:

A

7th rib

22
Q

Separating the breast from the pectoral muscle is a fatty area called the:

A

Retromammory space

23
Q

The muscle immediately posterior to the breast is the:

A

Pectoralis major

24
Q

Parity refers to:

A

The condition of being pregnant and/or having delivered a child

25
Q

What is the (main) purpose of hormone replacement therapy?

A

To relieve the symptoms of menopause

26
Q

The specialized sweat glands found on the areola are called:

A

Montgomery glands

27
Q

The duct that drains milk directly to the exterior is called the:

A

Lactiferous duct

28
Q 
Of the following, which mammogram would likely show very dense glandular breast?
Girl age 10
Man age 50
Women age 30
Women age 70
A

A women age 30

29
Q

What is the process by which the breast loses its supporting structure to fat?

A

Involution

30
Q

The hormone prolactin signals the body to begin producing;

A

Mature breast milk

not colostrum

31
Q

Before pregnancy the ratio of glandular tissue to adipose tissue in the mature breast is 1:1
During pregnancy it becomes;

A

2:1

32
Q

Areola

A

Pigmented area surrounding the nipple

33
Q

Coopers Ligaments

A

Network of fibrous and elastic tissue bands that provide support for the mammary glands

34
Q

Lobe

A

One of 15-20 overlapping glandular structures with collecting ducts leading to the nipple

35
Q

Parenchmya

A 
The main or functional tissue in a organ and includes:
Glandular components
Lymphatic network
Blood vessels
Connective and supportive stroma
36
Q

Myoepithelial cells

A

Contract, expressing milk into the ducts and toward the nipple

37
Q

TDLU

A

The lobule and its duct, the basic histopathologic unit of the breast.

38
Q

Morgagani’s Tubercles

A

Elevations around the perimeter of the areola, formed by the openings of the ducts of the Montgomery glands.

39
Q

Mammary Stroma

A

Supportive connective tissue, fat, blood vessels, lymphatic channels, ducts and lobes

40
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Located on the anterior chest wall, posterior to the breast.

41
Q

Axillary Prolongation

A

Breast tissue extending into the axilla

42
Q

Ampulla

A

A reservoir for milk just posterior to the nipple.

43
Q

Nulliparous

A

Never having had a child

44
Q

Multiparous

A

Having borne more than one cild

45
Q

Parity

A

A women who carries a pregnancy to the point of viability.

46
Q

____% of women diagnosed with breast cancer have none of the known risk factors for the disease other than being female.

A

75-80%

47
Q

Approximately ___% of breast cancers are diagnosed in men.

A

1%

48
Q

The average doubling time of a cancer cell is

A

100 Days

49
Q

Asymptomatic

A

No symptoms

50
Q

Are markers indicating projection/view required or recommended?

A

Required

51
Q

Eklund views

A

Implant views/use manual technique

Mammography (12 decks)

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