Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the Breast Flashcards
The shape and size of the breast could depend on:
Age
Weight gain/loss
Hormonal use
Location of the breast is:
Clavicle (2nd or 3rd rib) to the 6th or 7th rib
Mid sternum to midaxillary line (latissimus dorsi muscle)
What type of gland is the breast
Sweat gland
The surface anatomy of the breast:
The skin
*Sebaceo glands and hair follicles
The Nipple
*Center point of the breast, 15-20 orifices
The Areola
*Circular dark area around the nipple, Montgomery’s glands
The breast is divided into 4 quadrants:
UOQ, UIQ, LIQ, LOQ
Approximately how many lobes does the female breast have?
15-20
TDLU
Terminal ductal lobular unit
What is the upper extent of the breast?
The clavicle at the 2nd or 3rd rib
The retromammary space is filled with a layer of what type of tissue?
Adipose or fatty tissue
On which two attachments is the breast most secure
Superior and medial
In which area of the breast is the skin the thinnest?
Closest to the nipple
Using clock notation, the 4 o’clock position (LIQ) on the right breast will represent which area on the left?
8 o’clock
The fibrous bands that predominate in the upper breast and support the breast structure are called?
Coopers ligaments
Which vessel would be more superficial, arteries or veins?
Veins
What is the approximate size of a lymph node?
2cm
What is the name given to the milk-producing elements of the breast?
Acinus
Where do most breast cancers originate?
The terminal ductal lobular units (TDLU)
What is the terminology used to describe a women who has borne more than one child?
Multiparous
Males with what syndrome are more prone to develop breast cancer?
Klinefelters syndrome
What effect will lactation have on the ducts and alveoli?
The alveoli and lactiferous ducts become dilated and distended with milk.
The breast meets the abdominal wall at approximately the:
7th rib
Separating the breast from the pectoral muscle is a fatty area called the:
Retromammory space
The muscle immediately posterior to the breast is the:
Pectoralis major
Parity refers to:
The condition of being pregnant and/or having delivered a child
What is the (main) purpose of hormone replacement therapy?
To relieve the symptoms of menopause
The specialized sweat glands found on the areola are called:
Montgomery glands
The duct that drains milk directly to the exterior is called the:
Lactiferous duct
Of the following, which mammogram would likely show very dense glandular breast? Girl age 10 Man age 50 Women age 30 Women age 70
A women age 30
What is the process by which the breast loses its supporting structure to fat?
Involution
The hormone prolactin signals the body to begin producing;
Mature breast milk
not colostrum
Before pregnancy the ratio of glandular tissue to adipose tissue in the mature breast is 1:1
During pregnancy it becomes;
2:1
Areola
Pigmented area surrounding the nipple
Coopers Ligaments
Network of fibrous and elastic tissue bands that provide support for the mammary glands
Lobe
One of 15-20 overlapping glandular structures with collecting ducts leading to the nipple
Parenchmya
The main or functional tissue in a organ and includes: Glandular components Lymphatic network Blood vessels Connective and supportive stroma
Myoepithelial cells
Contract, expressing milk into the ducts and toward the nipple
TDLU
The lobule and its duct, the basic histopathologic unit of the breast.
Morgagani’s Tubercles
Elevations around the perimeter of the areola, formed by the openings of the ducts of the Montgomery glands.
Mammary Stroma
Supportive connective tissue, fat, blood vessels, lymphatic channels, ducts and lobes
Pectoralis Major
Located on the anterior chest wall, posterior to the breast.
Axillary Prolongation
Breast tissue extending into the axilla
Ampulla
A reservoir for milk just posterior to the nipple.
Nulliparous
Never having had a child
Multiparous
Having borne more than one cild
Parity
A women who carries a pregnancy to the point of viability.
____% of women diagnosed with breast cancer have none of the known risk factors for the disease other than being female.
75-80%
Approximately ___% of breast cancers are diagnosed in men.
1%
The average doubling time of a cancer cell is
100 Days
Asymptomatic
No symptoms
Are markers indicating projection/view required or recommended?
Required
Eklund views
Implant views/use manual technique
