Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the Breast

Question 1

The shape and size of the breast could depend on:

Answer 1

Age
Weight gain/loss
Hormonal use

Question 2

Location of the breast is:

Answer 2

Clavicle (2nd or 3rd rib) to the 6th or 7th rib

Mid sternum to midaxillary line (latissimus dorsi muscle)

Question 3

What type of gland is the breast

Answer 3

Sweat gland

Question 4

The surface anatomy of the breast:

Answer 4

The skin
*Sebaceo glands and hair follicles
The Nipple
*Center point of the breast, 15-20 orifices
The Areola
*Circular dark area around the nipple, Montgomery’s glands

Question 5

The breast is divided into 4 quadrants:

Answer 5

UOQ, UIQ, LIQ, LOQ

Question 6

Approximately how many lobes does the female breast have?

Answer 6

15-20

Question 7

TDLU

Answer 7

Terminal ductal lobular unit

Question 8

What is the upper extent of the breast?

Answer 8

The clavicle at the 2nd or 3rd rib

Question 9

The retromammary space is filled with a layer of what type of tissue?

Answer 9

Adipose or fatty tissue

Question 10

On which two attachments is the breast most secure

Answer 10

Superior and medial

Question 11

In which area of the breast is the skin the thinnest?

Answer 11

Closest to the nipple

Question 12

Using clock notation, the 4 o’clock position (LIQ) on the right breast will represent which area on the left?

Answer 12

8 o’clock

Question 13

The fibrous bands that predominate in the upper breast and support the breast structure are called?

Answer 13

Coopers ligaments

Question 14

Which vessel would be more superficial, arteries or veins?

Answer 14

Veins

Question 15

What is the approximate size of a lymph node?

Answer 15

2cm

Question 16

What is the name given to the milk-producing elements of the breast?

Answer 16

Acinus

Question 17

Where do most breast cancers originate?

Answer 17

The terminal ductal lobular units (TDLU)

Question 18

What is the terminology used to describe a women who has borne more than one child?

Answer 18

Multiparous

Question 19

Males with what syndrome are more prone to develop breast cancer?

Answer 19

Klinefelters syndrome

Question 20

What effect will lactation have on the ducts and alveoli?

Answer 20

The alveoli and lactiferous ducts become dilated and distended with milk.

Question 21

The breast meets the abdominal wall at approximately the:

Answer 21

7th rib

Question 22

Separating the breast from the pectoral muscle is a fatty area called the:

Answer 22

Retromammory space

Question 23

The muscle immediately posterior to the breast is the:

Answer 23

Pectoralis major

Question 24

Parity refers to:

Answer 24

The condition of being pregnant and/or having delivered a child

Question 25

What is the (main) purpose of hormone replacement therapy?

Answer 25

To relieve the symptoms of menopause

Question 26

The specialized sweat glands found on the areola are called:

Answer 26

Montgomery glands

Question 27

The duct that drains milk directly to the exterior is called the:

Answer 27

Lactiferous duct

Question 28

``` Of the following, which mammogram would likely show very dense glandular breast? Girl age 10 Man age 50 Women age 30 Women age 70 ```

Answer 28

A women age 30

Question 29

What is the process by which the breast loses its supporting structure to fat?

Answer 29

Involution

Question 30

The hormone prolactin signals the body to begin producing;

Answer 30

Mature breast milk | not colostrum

Question 31

Before pregnancy the ratio of glandular tissue to adipose tissue in the mature breast is 1:1 During pregnancy it becomes;

Answer 31

2:1

Question 32

Areola

Answer 32

Pigmented area surrounding the nipple

Question 33

Coopers Ligaments

Answer 33

Network of fibrous and elastic tissue bands that provide support for the mammary glands

Question 34

Lobe

Answer 34

One of 15-20 overlapping glandular structures with collecting ducts leading to the nipple

Question 35

Parenchmya

Answer 35

``` The main or functional tissue in a organ and includes: Glandular components Lymphatic network Blood vessels Connective and supportive stroma ```

Question 36

Myoepithelial cells

Answer 36

Contract, expressing milk into the ducts and toward the nipple

Question 37

TDLU

Answer 37

The lobule and its duct, the basic histopathologic unit of the breast.

Question 38

Morgagani's Tubercles

Answer 38

Elevations around the perimeter of the areola, formed by the openings of the ducts of the Montgomery glands.

Question 39

Mammary Stroma

Answer 39

Supportive connective tissue, fat, blood vessels, lymphatic channels, ducts and lobes

Question 40

Pectoralis Major

Answer 40

Located on the anterior chest wall, posterior to the breast.

Question 41

Axillary Prolongation

Answer 41

Breast tissue extending into the axilla

Question 42

Ampulla

Answer 42

A reservoir for milk just posterior to the nipple.

Question 43

Nulliparous

Answer 43

Never having had a child

Question 44

Multiparous

Answer 44

Having borne more than one cild

Question 45

Parity

Answer 45

A women who carries a pregnancy to the point of viability.

Question 46

____% of women diagnosed with breast cancer have none of the known risk factors for the disease other than being female.

Answer 46

75-80%

Question 47

Approximately ___% of breast cancers are diagnosed in men.

Answer 47

1%

Question 48

The average doubling time of a cancer cell is

Answer 48

100 Days

Question 49

Asymptomatic

Answer 49

No symptoms

Question 50

Are markers indicating projection/view required or recommended?

Answer 50

Required

Question 51

Eklund views

Answer 51

Implant views/use manual technique