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Voice > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the glottis?

A

space between vocal folds

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2
Q

When do you use the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Both abduction and adduction

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3
Q

What is a fixating action of the larynx and when do you use it?

A

activiation of both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the larynx (ex: picking up something heavy)

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4
Q

Are you truly abducting during phonation?

A

No, the vocal folds are opening from air pressure

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5
Q

What is the difference between aphonia and dysphonia?

A

a=absense, dys=abnormal

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6
Q

What is an indicator a vocal condition is not neurological?

A

Looks symmetrical, healthy

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7
Q

What does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

A

Larynx and above

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8
Q

What does the lower respiratory tract consist of?

A

Below the larynx (level of trachea). Trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles

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9
Q

How big is the trachea?

A

11-12 cm (4 inches)

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10
Q

How many tracheal rings are there?

A

16-20

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11
Q

How many lobes do the lungs have?

A

right-3 left-2

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12
Q

What is pulmonary surfactant?

A

Like detergent, decreases surface tension of the lungs allowing them to expand and contract. Without=breathing pain

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13
Q

What is pleurae?

A

Thin covering that protects and cushions the lungs

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14
Q

WHat happens if pleurae of the lungs is infected?

A

Very painful, impacts breathing, voicing

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15
Q

What are the different parts of the lung?

A

Apex=top, Base=bottom, Root=hilium (pulmonary embolism comes from here, impacts voice) costal portion=curved surface (that ribs encase)

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16
Q

Why do SLPs need to be concerned about the lungs?

A

Teach people to maximally breathe, breath is a vital component of phonation and speech

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17
Q

How does respiration function like bellows?

A

Air becomes less dense than air outside, Air rushes in to area of lower pressure (inside lungs), body is enlarged to accomodate

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18
Q

Is inspiration/expiration active or passive?

A

Inspiration=active

Expiration=passive

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19
Q

What are the passive forces of respiration?

A

natural recoil of muscles, cartilages, ligaments, lung tissue, surface tension of film lining alveoli, pull of gravity

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20
Q

What are the 5 aspects of normal voice?

A

Loudness, hygiene, representative, pleasant, flexibility (able to express range of emotions)

21
Q

What level is the larynx?

A

C4-C6

22
Q

What is the angle of the laryngeal prominence in males?

A

90 degrees

23
Q

What is the angle of the laryngeal prominence in females?

A

120 degrees

24
Q

What is the laryngeal inlet (aditus laryngis)?

A

Entrance into the larynx

25
Q

Which nerve innervates the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

Vagus nerve

26
Q

What are the two portions of the cricothyroid muscle?

A

Pars recta and pars oblique

27
Q

Do the ventricular folds adduct during normal phonation?

A

No

28
Q

What is the significance of the ventricular folds?

A

Adduct during forceful coughing. Glands within help moisten vocal folds.

29
Q

What is the minimum phonation threshold pressure (PTP) to initiate voice?

A

2-3cmh20

30
Q

What causes vocal fold vibration?

A

Combination of muscular(initial adduction) and aerodynamic forces (air being exhaled)

31
Q

What is one cycle of vocal fold vibration (general)?

A

closed-open-closed

32
Q

How many cycles of vocal fold vibration happen in men? women? Children?

A

125Hz(times)men; 225 Hz adult female; 265 Hz child

33
Q

What is the body cover theory?

A

Hirano and colleagues. Relative stiffness of different areas of vocal folds contributes to vibration. Compliant outer layer, less compliant middle, least compliant body. Loose outer layer moving(cover)=mucosal wave

34
Q

What are the three vibratory patterns of wave phonation see in a laryngostrobosopic exam?

A

Horizontal(medial to lateral), longitudinal (anterior to posterior) and vertical (inferior to superior)

35
Q

What is normal horizontal and longitudinal excursion of the vocal folds?

A

Horizontal: 1-2mm. Longitudinal: 3-5 mm.

36
Q

What are the three types typical of vocal onset?

A

Breathy, glottal, simultaneous

37
Q

What are the three widely recognized registers?

A

Falsetto, modal, glottal fry(pulse)

38
Q

Modal phonation

A

Use for most of conversational speech. Moderate: longitudinal tension, medial compression, adductive force.
Women: 150-500hz
Men: 80-450hz

39
Q

Modal phonation

A

Use for most of conversational speech. Moderate: longitudinal tension, medial compression, adductive force.
Women: 150-500hz
Men: 80-450hz

40
Q

Glottal fry characteristics

A

Minimal Longitudinal tension, moderate medial compression, mild adductive force
Double or triple closure pattern for each cycle. Syncopated, secondary beat producing crackling sound
Women and men: 35 to 90 Hz

41
Q

Falsetto voice quality

A

Higher pitch than modal Men:300-600hz
Moderately High longitudinal tension, medial compression, high adductive force.
Little or no posterior vibration, anterior vibrates rapidly

42
Q

What are the primary muscles responsible for pitch change?

A

Cricothryoid, thyrovocalis, thyromuscularis(lower pitch)

43
Q

What are the primary biomechanical determinants of rate of vibration?

A

Length, tension, mass (MASS LENGTH AND STIFFNESS!)

44
Q

What is responsible for the loudness of the voice?

A

Primarily subglottal pressure (more breath in lungs), then medial compression, and the duration, speed, and degree of vocal fold closure.
Louder=Vocal folds closed for longer periods, but abduct more widely

45
Q

What causes changes in voice quality?

A

Changes in glottal source and the resonant characteristics of the vocal tract

46
Q

What air pattern is associated with breathiness?

A

Incomplete glottal closure allowing excess turbulent air through

47
Q

What is rough voice quality often associated with?

A

Aperiodic vocal fold vibration

48
Q

What is strained voice quality often associated with?

A

Considerable medial compression of the true (and possibly false) vocal folds. Aperiodic vocal fold vibration.

Voice (6 decks)

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