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Voice > Anatomy of phonation > Flashcards

Anatomy of phonation Flashcards

1
Q

How big is the larynx in males?

A

44mm (1.7 inches)

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2
Q

How big is the larynx in females?

A

36mm (1.5 inches)

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3
Q

What is the circumference of the larynx?

A

120mm (5 inches)

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4
Q

How many total cartilages are in the larynx?

A

9 (3 paired, 3 unpaired)

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5
Q

What are the two parts of the cricoid cartilage?

A

Anterior arch, posterior laminae

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6
Q

What joint in the VF is important for pitch?

A

cricothyroid joint

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7
Q

Parts of the thyroid cart.

A

Laryngeal prominence/thyroid notch, 2 laminae, superior and inferior horns

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8
Q

What is the petiole of the epiglottis?

A

Lower narrower aspect

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9
Q

Where does the epiglottis attach, and by which ligaments?

A

Thyroid cartilage, hyoid bone, root of tongue. Thyroepiglottic ligament, hyoepiglottic ligament. Glossoepiglottic ligament

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10
Q

Epiglottis’s primary function?

A

Airway protector during swallowing

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11
Q

How does the epiglottis fold over and protect the airway?

A

Muscular contraction of aryepiglottic folds. Hyoepiglottic ligament–hyoid bones moves anteriorly during swallow

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12
Q

Arytenoid parts

A

Base, apex, 3 surfaces. 2 important processes: vocal process (medial), muscular process (lateral)

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13
Q

Which cartilage is on top of the arytenoids?

A

Corniculate. Help protect during swallow Galek thinks.

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14
Q

WHat do the cuneiform cartilages do?

A

Unknown, may provide support. Elastic.

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15
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Stylohyoid, Digastricus

Tongue: Genioglossus, myloglossus, hyoglossus, thryopharyngeus

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16
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

Omohyoid, Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid (but elevator)

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17
Q

What is the cricopharyngeus muscle?

A

Not elevator or depressor. Inferior aspect of pharyngeal constrictor, portion of upper esophageal sphincter

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18
Q

When might you see the larynx elevate?

A 
During swallow (protects airway)
-Small role raising pitch
19
Q

Laryngeal abductors

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. O=posterior lamina of cricoid I= muscularis process (lateral medial)

20
Q

Which intrinsic laryngeal muscles are innervated by the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve? -branch of Vagus

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle, interarytenoid(oblique and transverse) muscles (unsure about thyroarytenoid)

21
Q

Laryngeal adductors

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle 0=cricoid arch I=muscular process, interarytenoid muscles, thyroarytenoid

22
Q

What is the only unpaired muscle in the larynx?

A

Transverse arytenoid muscle

23
Q

Which muscles later turn into the aryepiglottic folds?

A

Oblique arytenoid muscles

24
Q

What are the two muscles forming the thyroarytenoid muscle?

A

Vocalis muscle(internal), thyromuscularis

25
Q

What muscles are innervated by the Superior laryngeal nerve?

A

Cricothyroid

26
Q

What would you expect to see with unilateral damage to the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

Tilted larynx. Difficulty elevating pitch.

27
Q

Which muscles assist in controlling the laryngeal inlet?

A
  • Aryepiglottic muscle
  • Thyroepiglottic muscle
  • Transverse Interarytenoid muscle
28
Q

What is the longest cranial nerve?

A

Vagus nerve

29
Q

What is neural redundancy?

A

Plan B. Unilateral and contralateral innervation. 20% unilateral. Limits probability of laryngeal impairment w/ unilateral CNS injury

30
Q

Which side would be effected with LMN damage to vagus?

A

Ipsilateral

31
Q

Which side would you expect to see the results of UMN damage?

A

Contralateral damage

32
Q

Which type of muscle fibers do the thyroarytenoid muscles contain?

A

Vocalis portion–mostly slow twitch, fatigue resistant, aerobic

muscularis–mostly fast twitch fibers, anaerobic

33
Q

What are the layers of the vocal folds?

A

Epithelium, Superficial layer of the lamina propria, intermediate layer of the lamina propria, deep layer of the lamina propria, thyroarytenoid muscle

34
Q

What is the basement membrane zone?

A

Superficial layer of the lamina propria

35
Q

Characteristics of the superficial layer of the lamina propria

A

Lubricate, soft and pliable

36
Q

What makes up the free margins of the true vocal folds?

A

Conus elasticus

37
Q

Qualities of intermediate layer of the lamina propria

A

AKA vocal ligament, Fibers linearly elastic, stretch like a spring

38
Q

Qualities of the deep layer of the lamina propria

A

Resist elongation, withstand high tensile stress

39
Q

What ratio of the vocal fold layers does the thyroarytenoid constitute?

A

2/3

40
Q

What happens to the open phase during higher intensities?

A

Longer open phase

41
Q

What is “chest register?”

A

Glottal fry

42
Q

Vocal fold length in females/typical pitch?

A

11-12mm, 225Hz

43
Q

Vocal fold length in males/typical pitch?

A

17-20mm, 125Hz

Voice (6 decks)

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