Anatomy + Physiology

Question 1

The cornea is clear and must remain clear, which means that it must be ___. Have
regular cell structure, and be free from ___

Answer 1

1. Avascular
2. Scarring

Question 2

The layers of the cornea from the outermost layer to the innermost layer in order are:
(List)

Answer 2

Epithelium (Outside), Bowman’s layer, stroma, Descemet’s membrane, Endothelium (Inside)

Question 3

In a normally healthy eye, minor corneal abrasions of the cornea are generally repaired within ___
hours by mitosis and migration of fellow cells.

Answer 3

48

Question 4

Which layer of the cornea does NOT regenerate after injury?

Answer 4

Bowman’s layer

Question 5

Enlargement of endothelial cells is called

Answer 5

Polymegathism

Question 6

The ___ is the transitional zone from clear, avascular cornea to the opaque sclera

Answer 6

Limbus

Question 7

The aqueous layer, which is the middle layer of the tear film, contains ___.

Answer 7

Inorganic salts, glucose, and urea, as well as biopolymers, proteins, and glycoproteins.

Question 8

The mucoid layer, (mucin layer, mucous layer) is produced by ____ in the ___.

Answer 8

1. Goblet cells
2. Conjunctiva

Question 9

The tear film or more correctly called the precorneal tear film ___. (List)

Answer 9

All of the following:
1. Provides a smooth optical surface over the cornea.
2. Flushes away cellular debris and foreign matter from the cornea and conjunctival sac as well as carbon dioxide.
3. Provides nutrition for the cornea, and provides the antibacterial function of the eye.

Question 10

In reality, the first refracting medium of the eye is:

Answer 10

The precorneal tear film

Question 11

Evaluation of tear quantity and tear quality can be tested by ___. (List)

Answer 11

All of the following:
1. Tear break up time
2. Schirmer’s #1
3. Fluorescein, rose bengal

Question 12

Sodium fluorescein is used to evaluate tear ___.

Answer 12

Quantity

Question 13

___ stains damaged conjunctival and corneal cells.

Answer 13

Rose bengal

Question 14

Since many cases of blepharitis are caused by dry eyes, the cornea would not be properly lubricated and contact lens wear would be uncomfortable, if not impossible ___.

Answer 14

Any inflammation should be resolved prior to introducing contact lenses.

Question 15

The conjunctiva is a mucous membrane that runs continuously from the limbus to the lid margin. It contains goblet cells which produce the mucins for the tear layer.
(True/False)

Answer 15

True

Question 16

On the lids, the conjunctiva is referred to as the ___ eye, it is referred to as the ___

Answer 16

1. palpebral conjunctiva
2. bulbar conjunctiva

Question 17

The refractive index of the cornea is:

Answer 17

1.376

Question 18

Inflammation of the conjunctiva is called ___.

Answer 18

Conjunctivitis

Question 19

Symptoms of the inflammation of the conjunctiva include ___.

Answer 19

Pain, photophobia (light sensitivity), impaired vision, and discharge.

Question 20

Eyelids are termed the ___
while opened, and they are ___.

Answer 20

1. Palpebral aperture
2. Not always the same size.

Question 21

The ___ pumps tears away.

Answer 21

Levator muscle

Question 22

___ is an eyelid that is turned inward and is often a result of muscle spasm in the lid or scarring from trauma.

Answer 22

Entropion

Question 23

Under corneal stress, blood vessels may be seen to grow into the cornea in the area called
the limbus. This blood vessel growth is called.

Answer 23

Neovascularization

Question 24

Crystalline lens is ___ that continues to add layers throughout life.

Answer 24

An onion-like structure

Question 25

The ___ are two thin, elongated plates of dense connective tissue, about 2.5 cm. in length; one is placed in each eyelid and contributes to its form and support.

Answer 25

Tarsal plates

Question 26

The fleshy caruncle is located at the ___.

Answer 26

Inner canthus

Question 27

The retina is connected to the brain by the ___, which is not a true nerve, but tract

Answer 27

Optic nerve

Question 28

Cones provide ___ and are more numerous in the ___

Answer 28

1. Detail
2. Macula

Question 29

There are three categories of cones - according to ___. One is most sensitive to short wavelength (___), one is most sensitive to ___, and one is most sensitive to ___.

Answer 29

1. Photopigments
2. Blue
3. Green
4. Red

Question 30

The iris is a thin vascular membrane, averaging about ___ mm horizontally and ___ mm vertically

Answer 30

1. 11/12
2. 9/10