*Anatomy & Physiology - 12% Flashcards
An infection that inflames the alveoli in the lungs.
Pneumonia
De-oxygenated blood enters the lungs through the:
Pulmonary artery
Sub-component of the brain that controls body temperature
Hypothalamus
Typical blood volume of a normal adult.
5.0 liters
At rest, a cell is negatively charged internally and is ________.
polarized
When oxygen levels in the blood are lower than normal.
Hypoxemia
What is the body organ that can regulate pH and electrolyte balance in the body?
Kidney
Metacarpals are bones of the _______
Hand
Failure to clear CO2 from the body
Respiratory Acidosis
What is the equivalent volume in cubic centimeters for 240 mL?
240 cc
A plane that divides the anterior and posterior halves of the body.
coronal plane
Distal is ________ something
away from
1 meter (1000 mm) is equal to approximately how many inches?
39.4 inches
Name for the additional volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal (tidal) expiration.
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Name for the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum forceful expiration.
residual volume (RV)
A plane that divides the superior and inferior halves of the body.
transverse plane
Typical respiration rate in adult human.
12 - 20 breaths per minute
Typical adult cardiac output.
Around 5-6 liters per minute
Heart rhythm characterized by no P-wave, but instead having multiple number of small fibrillatory waves
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib)
Name of one-way valve connecting the right atrium to the right ventricle
tricuspid valve
Metatarsals are bones found in?
Foot
A type of pancreatic failure.
Diabetes
Removal of endotracheal tube.
extubation
Gas exchange alveolar capillary membrane is accomplished by ________.
Diffusion
Organ that produces insulin.
pancreas
Only vein in the body that carries oxygenated blood.
pulmonary vein
The normal pH of blood is slightly ________.
Alkaline
Which of these is the highest pressure: ABP, CVP, ICP, or pulmonary pressure
ABP (Arterial Blood Pressure)
What does Oxygen attach to in the body?
Hemoglobin
Name for the volume of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each normal breathing respiratory cycle.
tidal volume (TV)
Small organ inferior to the right lobe of the liver that stores bile and helps break down fats
gall bladder
Study of the microscopic structure of tissues
Histology
Respiratory acids are removed by the ________
lungs
Failure to clear metabolic acids from the body.
Metabolic Acidosis
What happens when a cell is repolarized?
Na+ channels inactivate, K+ channels open, and K+ exits the cell. Inside of cell becomes net negative
Blood fills ventricles. Produces lowest pressure of heart rhythm (Systolic/Diastolic?)
diastole
Process by which water diffuses across a semi-permeable membrane area of high concentration of water molecules to an area of low concentration of water molecules
Osmosis
The two types of acids in the body are ________ and ________.
respiratory, metabolic
Normal dialysate pH is ________ to ________?
6.9 – 7.5
Study of tissue samples removed during surgery
surgical pathology
Name given to normal heart rhythm.
Sinus Rhythm
2.5 Kg is equal to?
5.5 lbs (multiply Kg X 2.2)
O2 is exchanged with the blood in these.
alveoli
Cell depolarization occurs when Na+ flows ________ the cell.
Into
Tiny, finger-like projections that line the small intestine and absorb nutrients.
villi
The ability of the lungs to stretch and expand.
respiratory compliance
Typical vital capacity in adult human
3 - 5 liters
Tests that are performed to measure how well the lungs are working.
Pulmonary function test
“little brain”, language, balance, coordinate movements
Cerebellum
Major glands for endocrine system
Pituitary (Brain) - Store and releases various hormones
Thyroid (Throat) - Regulate growth
Adrenals (Kidney) - Store and releases various hormones
Main parts of gastrointestinal tract
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestines, Large Intestine
How do bones support blood supply
Produce red blood cells
Difference between external and internal respiration
External is swapping of O2 and CO2 with mouth, Internal is swapping of O2 and CO2 internally, in aveoli
3 blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Describe 2 divisions of nervous system
Central - Spinal cord
Peripheral - Nerve fibers that run throughout body
Ligaments connect
BLB - Bone to bone
Tendons connect
Bone to muscle
Blood made up of
Plasma - Liquid part
Red Blood Cells - Carry O2/CO2
White Blood Cells - Release antibodies
Platelets - Clotting
Function of kidneys
Filter waste from blood
Function of pancreas
Releases INSULIN and GLUCAGON
Remember: p->b lood sugar
Allo?
different ex: allografts
Anti?
against ex: antibodies
Ante?
in front of ex: antorbital
Brachi?
slow ex: bradycardia
Dia?
through/between ex: dialysis
Endo?
inside ex: endoscopy
Epi?
upon/top of ex: epidermis
Micro?
small ex: microencephaly
Trans?
through ex: transcutaneous
-desis?
binding/fusing
-ectomy?
removal ex: splenectomy
-ia?
unhealthy ex ischemia
-itis?
Inflamation
Muscle groups?
Smooth - Involuntary
Cardiac - Heart Muscle
Skeletal - obvious
Angi?
Blood Vessel
Cervic?
Neck
Gastro?
Stomach
Myo?
Muscle
Phleb?
Vein
Renal?
Kidney
Thromb?
Blood Clot
Cerebrum?
Largest part of brain - different lobes for different functions
Gallbladder?
Stores bile, breaks down fats
It controls muscle activity and muscle contractions and in doing so the skeletal muscles move smoothly?
Cerebellum
Three principal components of the brain.
Cerebellum, Cerebrum, and Brain Stem
The medical term for the death of tissue?
Necrosis
Any disease condition due to poisoning?
Toxicosis
Disorder in Women in which the tissue resembling the inner lining of the uterus is found in places of the pelvis or lower abdomen
Endometriosis
It is part of the endocrine system that controls, body temperature, endocrine functions and growth.
Hypothalamus
Which sub-component of the brain controls body temperature?
Hypothalamus
The inflammation or infection of the liver due to a virus?
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the meninges, a brain membrane?
Meningitis
A widespread infection of bacteria in the body, not specific to the membranes
Sepsis
Inflammation and congestion of the sinus do to an infection?
Sinusitis
Refers to something happening under the skin? Another word for Hypodermic?
subcutaneous
The science of the structure of the body is.
Anatomy
The function of a structure of the human body.
Physiology
The study of the minute structure of the organs by means of the microscope.
Histology
A CT scan use X-ray beams rotating around the body to calculate the relative ________ of specific points of the body.
Density
Typical total lung capacity in adult human.
4 - 6 liters
Vascular buildup from blood clotting.
Thrombosis
