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Exams Term 1 > Anatomy Part 1 Exam Jan 6 > Flashcards

Anatomy Part 1 Exam Jan 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 reasons why estheticians study bacteria?

A
  1. Importance of sanitation and sterilization

2. How disease may be transferred or prevented

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of bacteria?

A
  1. Non pathogenic - beneficial or harmless

2. Pathogenic - disease causing, harmful

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3
Q

____ is round shaped organisms, which appear singly or in groups

A

Cocci

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4
Q

_____ are rod shaped bacteria that are short, thin, and thick in structure

A

Bacilli

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5
Q

_____ are curved or corkscrew shaped organisms

A

Spirilla

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6
Q

What are 6 points on active or vegetative bacteria

A
  1. During active stage bacteria grow and reproduce
  2. Multiply best in warm , dark, damp, places
  3. Favourable conditions, bacteria reproduce fast
  4. When limit of growth is reached, bacterial cells divide
  5. From one to 16 million germs can develop in 1/2 day
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7
Q

What are 4 points on inactive or spore forming bacteria?

A
  1. Can form spherical spores with tough resistant coverings
  2. Spores can be blown about and aren’t harmed by disinfectants, heat or cold
  3. Favourable conditions return bacteria to active growth stage
  4. Bacilli
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8
Q

What are the 6 signs of infection?

A
  1. Redness
  2. Swelling
  3. Pain
  4. Heat
  5. Fever
  6. Pus
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9
Q

What are the 6 points to first line defences?

A
  1. Healthy skin
  2. Nose, mucous membranes, and fine hairs
  3. Mucous membranes within mouth
  4. Acidic gastric juices (bile)
  5. Tears
  6. Ear wax
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10
Q

The second line of defence is _______

A

Inflammation

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11
Q

The third line of defence is _____ _____

A

Antibody production

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12
Q

Congenital or natural immunity is _____

A

Inherited

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13
Q

______ ______ develops during a persons life time

A

Acquired immunity

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14
Q

What are 10 sources of infection?

A
  1. Unclean hands
  2. Unclean implements
  3. Open infected sores
  4. Pus
  5. Nose and mouth discharges
  6. Common use of cups
  7. Common use of towels
  8. Coughing, sneezing, and spitting
  9. Garbage
  10. H2O
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15
Q

_____ ______ is treatment that could cause harmful or negative side effects

A

Contra-indications

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16
Q

What are 4 points on why should estheticians study the cell?

A
  1. How all living things are made up from cells
  2. Cell functions and structures
  3. Metabolism and reproduction
  4. Types of tissues and their functions
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17
Q

Cells differ from each other in what 4 ways?

A
  1. Size
  2. Shape
  3. Structure
  4. Function
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18
Q

What are the 6 functions of cells?

A
  1. Reproduction
  2. Metabolism
  3. Respiration
  4. Excretion
  5. Movement
  6. Sensitivity
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19
Q

What are the 3 main structures of the cell?

A
  1. Surface membrane
  2. Nucleus
  3. Cytoplasm
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20
Q

What are the 4 functions of the cell membrane?

A
  1. Borders
  2. Receives communications
  3. Transports and controls
  4. Producing immunity
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21
Q

What are the 3 functions of the nucleus?

A
  1. Dictates structure and function
  2. Determines heredity and growth
  3. Controls metabolism and certain types of movement
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22
Q

What are the 2 functions of the cytoplasm?

A
  1. Carries on metabolism

2. Intracellular transportation

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23
Q

_____ is a complex process of changing food into forms the body can use as energy

A

Metabolism

24
Q

Metabolism consists of two major processes, _____ and _____

A

Anabolism and Catabolism

25
Q

Describe 3 points on anabolism

A
  1. Breaking down of cellular tissue
  2. Re-building or synthesis process
  3. Uses energy
26
Q

Describe 3 points on catabolism

A
  1. Breaking down of cellular tissue
  2. Destructive or decomposing process
  3. Releases energy
27
Q

All food groups are divided into what 3 groups?

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Lipids or fats
  3. Carbohydrates
28
Q

What are the 2 types of cell reproduction and describe them

A
  1. Mitosis is when cells reach maturity they reproduce indirect division
  2. Meiosis is a type of cell division that occurs only in immature sex cells as they become mature sex cells
29
Q

What are the 5 types of body tissue?

A
  1. Connective
  2. Muscle
  3. Epithelial
  4. Nervous
  5. Liquid
30
Q

Define dermatology

A

The study of the skin

31
Q

What are the 3 layers of the skin?

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous
32
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

A
  1. Stratum corneum - horny layer
  2. Stratum lucidum - lucidity clarity layer
  3. Stratum granulosum - granular layer
  4. Stratum spinosum - prickle cell layer
  5. Stratum germinativum - basel cell layer
33
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Papillary layer - form ridges on surface of skin

2. Reticular layer - innermost layer of dermis

34
Q

Describe the subcutaneous layer

A

Layer of connective tissue under the dermis

35
Q

The ______ contains two pigments, ____ and ____

A

The epidermis contains two pigments, carotene and melanin

36
Q

Describe carotene

A

Organize pigment that accumulates in the epidermal cells

37
Q

Describe melanin

A

Melanocyte cells produce melanin

38
Q

What are the 3 factors of melanin production

A
  1. Hereditary
  2. Sunlight
  3. Hormone change
39
Q

What are the 3 classifications of nerve fibres?

A
  1. Motor nerves - stimulates muscles
  2. Sensory nerves - react to temperature, touch, pain, pressure
  3. Secretory nerves - go to sweat and oil glands
40
Q

What are the 2 ways of maintaining body temperature?

A
  1. Blood volume to skin

2. Sensible perspiration

41
Q

Active sweat glands are increased by what 6 factors?

A
  1. Exercise
  2. Emotions
  3. Certain drugs
  4. Environmental heat
  5. Hormones
  6. Food
42
Q

What are the 2 types of sweat glands?

A
  1. Apocrine

2. Eccrine

43
Q

What are 3 things that happen when we age?

A
  1. Sebaceous glands become less active
  2. Sudoriferous gland activity decreases
  3. Increased fragility of small blood vessels
44
Q

What are 3 phases of hair growth?

A
  1. Anagen - growth phase
  2. Cartagena - transitional phase
  3. Telegenic - resting phase
45
Q

What are the 2 functions of the hair?

A
  1. Protection

2. Sensory reception

46
Q

What are 6 factors influencing hair growth?

A
  1. Race
  2. Age
  3. Sex
  4. Hormones
  5. Nutrition
  6. Illness
47
Q

Part of the hair above the scalp or skin is the ___ ___

A

Hair shaft

48
Q

What are the 3 layers of the hair shaft?

A
  1. Cuticle
  2. Cortex
  3. Medulla
49
Q

What are 6 functions of the sebaceous gland?

A
  1. Lubricates
  2. Protects
  3. Keeps hair soft
  4. Keeps scalp soft
  5. Lessens heat loss
  6. Maintains acid mantel
50
Q

Describe the 2 root sheaths?

A
  1. Outer root sheath - lies farthest from shaft

2. Inner root sheath - lies closest to shaft

51
Q

Describe the germinal matrix

A

Living and reproducing part of the hair and nails

52
Q

Part of the hair below the skin is the ____ ____

53
Q

Inferior and swollen part of root is the ____ ____

54
Q

Where and how is pigment in the hair made?

A

Melanin made by melanocytes and found in the cortex

55
Q

What are 3 stages in life hair growth changes for females?

A
  1. Puberty
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Menopause

Exams Term 1 (7 decks)

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