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MSK > anatomy of upper limb > Flashcards

anatomy of upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the biceps muscles?

A

Long head and short head

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2
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation or the biceps muscles?

A

A: flexion / supination of the forearm
O: Long head = supraglenoid fossa
Short head = coracoid process
I: radial tuberosity
N: C5-C6 musculocutaneous nerve

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3
Q

What are the triceps muscles?

A

Long head
Lateral head
Medial head

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4
Q

What are the actions of the triceps muscles?

A

Long head: extension + abduction of glenohumeral joint

Lateral and medial for extension forearm

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5
Q

What are the origins, insertions and innervations of the triceps?

A

Origin:
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle
Lateral and medial head: posterior surface humerus and groove radial nerve

I: Common olecranon tendon

N: C6-C8 radial nerve

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6
Q

What is the action, origin insertion and innervation of corachobrachialis?

A

A: Shoulder flexion and transverse adduction
O: Coracoid process
I: medial aspect humerus (mid third)
N: C5-C7 musculocutaneous nerve

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7
Q

Which muscles create flexion of glenohumeral joint / shoulder flexion?

A

Biceps brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Anterior deltoids
Pec major

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8
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of brachioradialis?

A

A: elbow flexion
O: lateral supracondylar ridge humerus
I: lateral distal radius
N: radial nerve (C5-C6)

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9
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of supinator?

A

A: 90 degree elbow supination
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
supinator crest and supinator fossa
I: Lateral posterior aspects of the proximal 1/3 radius
N: posterior interosseus nerve (C7 / C8)

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10
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of pronator teres?

A

A: pronation proximal radioulnar joint and forearm flexion
O: medial supracondylar ridge humerus and medial aspect ulna coronoid process
I: Middle 1/3 of anterior radius onto tendon
N: medial nerve (C6/C7)

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11
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

A: wrist extension and ulnar deviation
O: common extensor tendon
I: base metacarpal V
N: posterior interosseus nerve (radial nerve C7/C8)

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12
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexes wrist and ulnar deviation
O: flexor tendon
I: metacarpal V (+ pisiform and hamate)
N: ulnar nerve (C7-T1)`

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13
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

A: wrist extension and radial deviation
O: common extensor tendon
I: base metacarpal II
N: radial nerve (C5-C8)

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14
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of flexor carpi radialis?

A

A: flexes wrist and radial deviates
O: flexor tendon
I: base meta carpal II (radial side)
N: median nerve (C6/C7)

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15
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of extensor digitorum

A

A: extends fingers
O: common extensor tendon
I: dorsal digital expansion, extensor hood
N: posterior interosseous (radial nerve C7/C8)

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16
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

A flexes fingers (not distal phalanges)
O: common flexor tendon (medial epicondyle)
I: middle phalanges fingers
N: median nerve (C8+T1)

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17
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of flexor pollicis brevis

A

thumb flexor
O: sup head = flexor retinaculum, tubercle trapezium
deep head = trapezoid and capitate bones
I: lat aspect base of proximal phalanx I
N: median nerve and ulnar nerve (sup and deep heads)

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18
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of extensor pollicis brevis?

A

A: extends thumb
O: posterior surface distal 1/3 radius and interosseus membrane
I: proximal phallanx
N: posterior interosseus membrane
C7 + C8

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19
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of flexor digiti minimi

A

A: little finger flexor
O: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
I: base of phalanx of digit V
N: ulnar nerve C8-T1

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20
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of brachialis

A

A: elbow flexor
O: anterior aspect of distal 1/2 of humerus
I: coronoid process of ulna tuberosity
N: musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)

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21
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of teres major

A

A: adduction GH joint, medial + lateral rotation
O: posterior aspect anterior angle scapula
I: crest lesser tuberosity
N: lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7)

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22
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of teres minor

A

Transverse abduction, lateral rotation - part of rotator cuff
O: posterior aspect scapular (superior 1/2)
I: greater tuberosity
N: axillary nerve C5 + C6

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23
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of the rhomboids

A

A: scapular retraction
O: Minor: nuchal ligament + C7-T1
Major: Spine T2-T5
I: medial border scapular adjacent to spine
N: dorsal scapular C5

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24
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of the pectoralis major?

A

A: shoulder depression (drags down) and arm adduction, internal rotation, flexion shoulder
O: anterior aspect clavicle, external costal head, manubrium, body sternum, costal cartilage, true ribs, external aponeurosis
I: crest of greater tubercle humerus
N: lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve C5-T1

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25
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of pectoralis minor

A

A: retraction scapular and shoulder depression
O: anterior end 3rd - 5th ribs
I: coracoid process
N: medial pectoralis nerve C8-T1

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26
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of serratus anterior?

A

A: protraction scapula
O: 1st-9th ribs
I: medial scapula border
N: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

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27
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of supraspinatus?

A

A: a rotator cuff
shoulder abduction + stabilisation in fossa
O: supraspinatus fossa
I: greater tuberosity humerus
N: Subclavian nerve and suprascapular nerve C5 + C6

28
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of infraspinatus?

A

A: lateral rotation and horizontal abduction shoulder (rotator cuff)
O: infraspinatus fossa
I: greater tuberosity
N: Subclavian nerve and suprascapular nerve C5 + C6

29
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of anterior deltoids?

A

A: transverse shoulder adduction, shoulder flexion, medial rotation
O: last 1/3 clavicle
I: humeral tuberosity
N: axillary nerve C5 + C6

30
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of middle deltoid?

A

A: abduction of glenohumeral joint
O: acromion scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
N: axillary nerve C5 + C6

31
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of posterior deltoid?

A

A: transverse abduction, ext glenohumeral
O: spine of scapula
I: deltoid tubercle
N: axillary nerve C5 + C6

32
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of latissimus dorsi?

A

A: adduction of GH joint, arm extension, internal shoulder rotation
O: L1-L5, T7-T12, ribs 9-12, inferior angle scapula
I: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
N: Middle subscapular nerve (C5-T1)

33
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of subscapularis?

A

A: medial rotator - rotator cuff
O: subscapular fossa - crosses in front of GHJ
I: lesser tuberosity
N: upper subscapular nerve and lower subscapular (C5 - T1)

34
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of descending trapezius?

A

A: shoulder elevation and retraction scapula and clavicle
O: occipital bone (eternal portuburence and nuchal ligament)
I: posterior aspect of the clavicle and acromium
N: accessory nerve

34
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of the transverse trapezius fibres

A

A; retraction, adduction scapular with clavicle and shoulder elevation
O: spinal prosthesis C7-T4
I: Acromium of scapula and 1/2 spine of scapula
N: anterior of spinal nerve C3-C4

35
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of ascending trapezius?

A

A: retraction and depression scapula / shoulder
O: spinal T5-T12
I: radial 1/2 of spine scapula
N: anterior rami of spinal nerve C3-C4

36
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of levator scapulae

A

A: assists with scapula elevation
O: transverse prosthesis
I: superior angle of scapula
N: anterior rami of C3 and C4 + dorsal scapular nerve C3

37
Q

What is the action, origin, insertion and innervation of subclavius

A

A: stabilises GHJ
O: costal end 1st rib and 1st costal cartilage
I: inferior of scapula onto subclavian groove
N: subclavian nerve (C5+C6)

38
Q

What are the components of the shoulder girdle?

A

Scapula
Clavicle
Sternum

39
Q

What are the joints of the shoulder?

A

Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ)
Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ)
Glenohumeral joint (GJ / GHJ)
As well as the scapulothoracic articulation and subacromial articulation

40
Q

Which muscles how to create shoulder elevation from the scapula?

A

Descending and transverse trapezius
Levator scapula

41
Q

Which muscles help to retract the scapula?

A

All trapezius muscles
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor

42
Q

Which muscles create shoulder / scapula depression?

A

ascending trapezius, transverse trapezius, pectoralis minor,
pectoralis major,
latissimus dorsi

43
Q

Which muscles protract the scapula?

A

Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior

44
Q

Which muscles allow upward scapula rotation?

A

Upper trapezius
Serratus anterior
Lower trapezius

45
Q

Which muscles create downward scapula rotation?

A

Levator scapula
Rhomboid
Pectoralis minor

46
Q

What boney landmarks are around the glenoid fossa?

A

infraglenoid tuberosity / tubercle
Supraglenoid tuberosity

47
Q

What landmarks are on the humerus?

A

Greater tuberosity
Lesser tuberosity
Neck of humerus
Middle of humerus
groove for lateral nerve

48
Q

What are bony landmarks around the elbow?

A

Radial tuberosity
Olecranon

49
Q

Which muscles create GJ abduction?

A

Supraspinatus
Middle portion of deltoid
Can abduct to 120 degree

50
Q

Which muscles create GJ adduction?

A

Latissimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Teres major

51
Q

Which muscles create horizontal adduction

A

anterior portion deltoid
coracobracialis

52
Q

Which muscles create horizontal abduction?

A

posterior deltoid
teres minor

53
Q

Which muscles create GHJ flexion?

A

Anterior deltoid
Pectoralis major
Biceps
Coracobrachialis

54
Q

Which muscles create GJ extension?

A

Latissimus dorsi
Posterior deltoid
Triceps

55
Q

Which muscles create internal rotation of the GHJ?

A

Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Subscapularis
Pectoralis major
Anterior deltoid

56
Q

Which muscles create external rotation of the GHJ?

A

Teres minor
Infraspinatus
Posterior deltoid

57
Q

Which muscles create elbow flexion?

A

Biceps bracchi
Brachialis
Brachioradialis

58
Q

Which muscles create elbow extension?

A

Triceps
Anconeus

59
Q

Which muscles create pronation?

A

Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres

60
Q

Which muscles create supination?

A

Biceps brachii
Supinator

61
Q

What are the deep forearm flexors?

A

Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus

62
Q

What are the intermediate forearm flexors?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

63
Q

What are the superficial forearm flexors?

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus

64
Q

What are the superficial forearm extensors?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris

65
Q

What are the deep forearm extensors?

A

Extensor indicis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus

66
Q

What are the lumbricals?

A

Link flexor and extensor tendons of hands
Creates shapes
Straight fingers with flexion

MSK (10 decks)

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