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ENDOCRINE > Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

what are the anatomical relations of the thyroid gland?

A

larynx & trachea in the anterior neck

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2
Q

How many lobes does the thyroid have?

A

2 lateral lobes (right & left)

may have an Isthmus (a narrow connecting band)

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3
Q

Where do the lobes of the thyroid attach to?

A

lateral aspects of the thyroid & cricoid cartilages and to the trachea

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4
Q

Which tracheal cartilages does the isthmus lie anterior to?

A

2nd & 3rd cartilages of the trachea

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5
Q

What is the name given to an enlarged thyroid gland?

A

goitre

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6
Q

Where are the superior and inferior parathyroid glands found?

A

the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

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7
Q

What remnant of embryological development can be seen as part of the thyroid gland?

A

Pyramidal lobe

some not connected to the main thyroid gland1

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8
Q

Where can the pyramidal lobe attach to?

A
  • Most attach superiorly to thyroid cartilage

* May extend as far superiorly as the hyoid bone

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9
Q

Where does thyroid development begin in the embryo?

A

at the junction between the anterior 2/3rds (horizontal) and posterior 1/3rd (vertical) of the tongue

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10
Q

When the thyroid migrates inferiorly during development, what does it remain attached to?

A

tongue via the thyroglossalduct

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11
Q

What is the name given to the superficial muscles found in the superficial fascia around the thyroid?

A

platysma

part of the muscles of facial expression

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12
Q

What nerve are the platysma muscles supplied by?

A

CN VII (the facial nerve)

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13
Q

What structures can be found in the pre-vertebral deep fascia?

A

Postural neck muscles

Cervical vertebrae

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14
Q

What 2 muscles are found in the investing fascia?

A

Trapezium

Sternocleidomastoid

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15
Q

What structures are contained in the carotid sheaths

A
  • Vagus nerves
  • Deep cervical lymph nodes
  • Carotid arteries
  • Internal jugular vein
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16
Q

What structures are located in the pre-tracheal fascia

A
  • Oesophagus
  • Trachea
  • Thyroid gland
  • Strap muscles
  • Recurrent laryngeal nerves
17
Q

What arteries are responsible for supplying the thyroid gland

A

Superior Thyroid Artery
Inferior Thyroid Artery
Thyroid Ima Artery (not seen in everyone)

18
Q

Where does the superior thyroid artery branch from?

A

External carotid artery

19
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid artery branch from?

A

R + L subclavian

20
Q

What veins are responsible for draining the thyroid gland?

A

Superior Thyroid Vein
Middle Thyroid Vein
Inferior Thyroid Vein

21
Q

Where do the superior and middle thyroid veins drain to?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

22
Q

Where do the inferior thyroid veins drain to?

A

Brachiocephalic Vein

23
Q

What lymph nodes surround the thyroid gland

A

Superior deep cervical lymph nodes

(Right) Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

Pre-tracheal node
Para-tracheal node

24
Q

What cranial nerve does the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch from?

A

CN X

Vagus Nerve

25
Q

What structure does the Right Recurrent Laryngeal nerve loop underneath?

A

Right Subclavian Artery

26
Q

What structure does the Left Recurrent Laryngeal nerve loop underneath?

A

Arch of the Aorta

27
Q

Name the 4 strap muscles

A

Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid

28
Q

How can the thyroid be surgically accessed?

A
  • Classical thyroidectomy
  • Endoscopically assisted thyroidectomy
  • Endoscopic trans-axillary approach
  • Endoscopic trans-breast approach
29
Q

Where is the incision usually made in a classical thyroidectomy?

A

just superior to the clavicles & jugular notch

30
Q

What does each recurrent laryngeal nerve supply?

A

somatic motor supply to most of the skeletal muscles that move each vocal cord

31
Q

What does unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve damage result in?

A
  • hoarseness
  • weakness of the voice
  • a weak cough
32
Q

What does bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury result in?

A
  • aphonia (inability to produce sound)
  • inability to close the rima glottidis (opening between vocal cords)
    => cant prevent aspiration
    => cant produce good cough

ENDOCRINE (22 decks)

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