Anatomy of the Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle Flashcards
name the 3 bones relevant to the shoulder and shoulder girdle?
humerus
scapula
clavicle
what bony points are relevant to the scapula?
acromion process coracoid process inferior angle superior angle lateral border medial border spine
what bony points are relevant to the humerus?
greater tubercle
lesser tubercle
bicipital groove
describe the sternoclavicular joint?
medial aspect of clavicle + clavicle notch of sternum
elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, axial rotation
ball and socket in form but not function, sleeve like capsule
ligaments are; Anterior sternoclavicular ligament, posterior sternoclavicular ligament, interclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament
describe the acromioclavicular joint?
lateral aspect of clav + facet on anteromedial border of acromion (scap)
3 axes, no muscle attachment so all passive
loose but strong capsule
ligament; coracoclavicular ligament
describe the glenohumeral joint?
head of humerus + glenoid fossa (scap)
ball and socket (shallow=unstable)
capsule= loose sleeve
ligaments; coracohumeral ligament, coracoacromial ligament, superior glenohumeral ligament, middle glenohumeral ligament, inferior glenohumeral ligament, transverse glenohumeral ligament
name the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
what is the primary function of rotator cuff muscles?
hold the humeral head in place as the joint is shallow (as ligaments do)
prevent sliding/grinding when shoulder joint is moving
what 2 muscles abduct the arm at the shoulder joint?
supraspinatus deltoid (lateral)
what 4 muscles adduct the arm at the shoulder joint?
coracobrachialis
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
teres major
what 4 muscles flex the arm at the shoulder joint?
pectoralis major
deltoid (anterior)
coracobrachialis
biceps brachii (long head)
what 5 muscles extend the arm at the shoulder joint?
latissimus dorsi teres major pectoralis major deltoid (posterior) triceps brachii
what 5 muscles medially rotate the arm at the shoulder joint?
subscapularis teres major latissimus dorsi pectoralis major deltoid (anterior)
what 3 muscles laterally rotate the arm at the shoulder joint?
teres minor
infraspinatus
deltoid (posterior)
what 2 muscles protract the shoulder gridle?
serratus anterior
pectoralis minor
what 3 muscles retract the shoulder girdle?
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major
trapezius
what 2 muscles elevate the shoulder girdle?
trapezius
levator scapulae
what 2 muscles depress the shoulder girdle?
trapezius
pectoralis minor
what 2 muscles upward rotate the shoulder girdle?
trapezius
serratus anterior
what 4 muscles downward rotate the shoulder girdle?
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
pectoralis minor
levator scapulae
biceps brachii (long head)?
origin= bicipital groove between humerus
tubercles
insertion= heads converge to insert at radial process
assists flexion of shoulder joint
coracobrachialis?
origin= coracoid process of scapula
Insertion= middle 1/3 medial humerus (deep to SH BB)
Adducts and flexes shoulder joint
Deltoid (anterior)?
Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus (common tendon)
Flexes/medially rotates shoulder joint
Deltoid (lateral)?
Origin: acromion of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus (common tendon)
Abducts shoulder joint
Deltoid (posterior)?
Origin: spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus (common tendon)
Extends/laterally rotates shoulder joint
Infraspinatus?
Origin: infraspinatus fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus (deep to deltoid)
Laterally rotates shoulder joint
Latissimus dorsi?
Origin: spinous processes t7-t12,l1-l5+ lateral of 9-12 ribs/posterior iliac crest
Insertion: intertubercular suclus of humerus
Adduction/medial rotation/extension of shoulder joint
Levator scapulae?
Origin: transverse processes c1-c2/ posterior transverse processes c3-c4
Insertion: superior angle of scapula
Elevation/downwards rotation of shoulder girdle
Pectoralis major?
Origin: anterior of medial half clavicle/manubrium/sternum body/superior 6 costal cartilages/aponeurosis external ab oblique
Insertion: crest of greater humerus tubercle
Adduction/medial rotation shoulder joint
Depression of shoulder girdle
Pectoralis minor?
Origin: anterior 3rd-5th ribs
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Protraction/downwards rotation
Rhomboid minor?
Origin: nuchal ligament/spinous processes c7-t1
Insertion: medial border scapula (adjacent to spine)
Retraction/downwards rotation
Rhomboid major?
Origin: spinous processes t2-t5
Insertion: medial border scapula (inferior to spine)
Retraction/downwards rotation
Serratus anterior?
Origin: anterior surfaces 1st-9th ribs
Insertion: medial border scapula
Protraction/upwards rotation shoulder girdle
Subscapularis?
Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula (anterior side)
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Medial rotation
Supraspinatus?
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula (superior to scapula spine)
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Abduction of shoulder joint
Teres minor?
Origin: posterior aspect of superior half of lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Lateral rotation/transverse abduction of shoulder joint
Teres major?
Origin: posterior aspect of inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
Abduction/medial rotation of shoulder joint
Triceps brachii (long head)?
Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: olecranon of ulna
Extends shoulder joint
Trapezius?
3 parts- descending, transverse, ascending
Origin:
Descending= spinous process c7/ nuchal line of occipital bone
Transverse= spinous processes c7-t4
Ascending= spinous processes t5-t12
Insertion:
Descending= posterior aspect lateral 1/3 clavicle/acromion of scapula
Transverse= acromion/medial half scapula spine
Ascending= medial half of scapula spine
Retraction (D,T,A)/ elevation (D), depression (A), upwards rotation (D, A)
