Anatomy of the Knee

Question 1

Adductor Magnus?

Answer 1

Inferior pubic ramus/ramus of ischium/ischial tuberosity

Gluteal tuberosity/Linea aspers/medial supracondylar line/adductor tubercle

Adducts/flexes/extends thigh at hip

Question 2

Biceps femoris?

Answer 2

Long head- ischeal tuberosity
Short head- Linea aspera

Head of fibula

Flexes/laterally rotates knee

Question 3

Semitendinosus?

Answer 3

Ischial tuberosity (same as bf)

Medial of superior part of tibia

Flexes/medially rotates knee

Question 4

Semimembranosus?

Answer 4

Ischial tuberosity

Medial condyle of tibia (deep to ST)

Flexes/medially rotates knee

Question 5

Sartorius?

Answer 5

Anterior super iliac spine

Medial aspect of proximal part of tibia

Flexes/medially rotates knee joint

Question 6

Gastrocnemius?

Answer 6

2 heads- medial and lateral condyles of femur

Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Flexes knee/plantarflexion

Question 7

Gracilis?

Answer 7

Body of pubis

Medial aspect of superior tibia

Flexes/medially rotates knee

Question 8

Popliteus?

Answer 8

Groove for popliteus on lateral condyle of femur

Posterior surface of tibia superior to soleal line

Unlocks knee at start of knee flexion

Question 9

What 7 muscles flex the knee?

Answer 9

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Gastrocnemius
Popliteus

Question 10

What 4 muscles extend the knee?

Answer 10

Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis

Question 11

Vastus intermedius?

Answer 11

Anterior/lateral femur body

Tibial tuberosity via quads tendon

Extends knee

Question 12

Vastus medialis?

Answer 12

Medial intertrochanteric line/medial to Linea aspera

Tibial tuberosity via quads tendon

Extends knee

Question 13

Vastus lateralis?

Answer 13

Intertrochanteric line/greater trochanter/ later lip of Linea aspera

Tibial tuberosity via quads tendon

Extends knee

Question 14

Rectus femoris?

Answer 14

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Tibial tuberosity via quads tendon

Extends knee joint

Question 15

ACL?

Answer 15

Controls forward movement of knee, prevents excessive internal rotation and hyperextension, and valgus forces

Anterior

Lateral femoral condyle to medial of intercondylar region of tibia

Question 16

PCL?

Answer 16

Controls backwards movement of the knee

Medial femoral condyle to intercondylar region of tibia

Strongest ligament in the knee

Question 17

MCL?

Answer 17

Controls sideways movements of knee

Medial epicondyle to medial meniscus/tibial plateau

Prevents excessive rotation, but allows some medial rotation

Question 18

LCL?

Answer 18

Controls sideways movements of knee

Lateral epicondyle of femur to fibula head

Prevents tibia turning inwards and misaligning with femur

Question 19

ITB (illeotibial band)?

Answer 19

Lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral tibial plateau

Band of deep fascia

Stabilises knee

Question 20

Medial/lateral meniscus?

Answer 20

C shaped pieces of cartilage that act as a shock absorber for the tibiofemoral joint

Either side of ACL/PCL

Question 21

patellofemoral joint?

Answer 21

lateral/medial articular facets of patella + lateral/medial condyles of the femur

plane joint

up/down sliding primarily

Question 22

superior tibiofibular joint?

Answer 22

fibular articular facet of tibia + articular facet of head of fibula

flexion/extension

Question 23

tibio-femoral joint?

Answer 23

medial/lateral articular facets of femur + medial/lateral articular facets of tibia

largest synovial joint in body

hinge joint

flexion/extension, medial/lateral rotation in flexed position