Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle Flashcards
Abductor digiti minimi?
Calcaneal tuberosity
Lateral aspect of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Abducts/flexes little toe
Dorsal interossei?
4 muscles that insert into lateral of base of distal phalanges of 2nd-4th toes, and medial of 2nd
Extensior digitorum Longus?
Lateral condyle of tibia
Dorsal of bases of middle/distal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes
Extends 2nd-5th toes/dorsiflexion of ankle
Flexor digitorum Longus?
Inferior to soleal line on posterior tibia
Plantar of bases of distal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes
Flexes 2nd-5th toes/plantarflexion
Extensor hallucis Longus?
Medial surface of tibia
Dorsal of base of distal phalanx of big toe
Extends big toe/dorsiflexion
Flexor hallucis Longus?
Distal 2/3 of posterior fibula
Planter of base of distal phalanx of big toe
Flexes big toe/plantarflexion
Gastrocnemius?
2 heads- medial and lateral condyles of femur
Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Plantarflexion
Lumbricals?
4 muscles that attach to medial/planter of base of middle phalanx of 2nd-5th toes
Flex MCP joints/ extend IP joints
Peroneus brevis?
Lateral fibula
Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal bone
Everts foot at subtalar joint/assists plantarflexion
Peroneus Longus?
Head of fibula- belly superficial to peroneus brevis
Plantar of medial cuneiform (wraps over cuboid)
Everts foot at subtalar joint/ assists plantarflexion
Peroneus Tertius?
Medial surface of fibula in distal 1/3
Dorsal of base of 5th metatarsal
Dorsiflexion/eversion
Plantar interossei?
3 deep muscles that attach to medial side of base of 3rd-5th distal phalanx
Adduct/flex 3rd-5th toes as mtp joints
Extend 3rd-5th IP joints
Plantarfascia?
Thick connective tissue that supports plantar arch of foot
Plantaris?
Very long and skinny with majority tendon!!!
Lateral supracondylar line of femur
Posterior of calcaneus
Plantarflexion
Soleus?
Head of fibula/posterior surface of fibula/soleal line if tibia
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Plantarflexes foot at ankle joint
Tibialis anterior?
Lateral condyle of tibia
Inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform/base of 1st metatarsal
Dorsiflexion/inversion
Tibialis posterior?
Very deep muscle!!!
Posterior surface of tibia/fibula
Tuberosity of navicular/plantar of 3 cuneiforms/1st-3rf metatarsal bases
Inversion/plantarflexion
calcaneocuboid joint?
distal calcaneus/proximal cuboid
saddle joint
rotation during inversion/eversion
CAN BE PALPATED LATERALLY
talonavicular joint?
distal talus/proximal navicular
circumduction, inversion/eversion of ankle
subtalar joint?
HARD TO PALPATE AS COVERED
posterior talus/articular facet of calcaneus
CFL?
lateral malleolus posteroinferiorly
tubercle on lateral of calcaneus
controls eversion-slack whilst standing
ATFL?
anteroinferior lateral malleolus
lateral of talus
prevents foot sliding forward
deltoid ligament?
strong triangular ligament
anterior+posterior borders of medial malleolus tip
talus/navicular
prevents external rotation of talus+strength
PTFL?
posterior of tibia+fibula
medial tubercle of posterior talus
ankle joint?
distal tibia, proximal of body of talus, medial of lateral malleolus of fibula
hinge synovial joint allowing for plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion and eversion
inferior tibiofibular joint?
fibular notch of lateral tibia+ medial fibula
gliding motions to assist ankle joint
MTP joints?
synovial condyloid joints
convex meta heads+concave phalanx bases
plantarflexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction
IP joints?
head of more proximal phalanx+ base of more distal
bases of each are pulley shaped
allow planterflexion+dorsiflexion
