Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Question 1

The respiratory system arises from _____.

Answer 1

Embryonic Gut

Question 2

The embryonic pharynx gives rise to laryngo-tracheal bud which becomes the:

Answer 2

(1) Trachea (ciliated)
(2) Bronchi (ciliated)
(3) Bronchioles (ciliated)
(4) Alveoli (not ciliated

Question 3

Thoracic cavity - the “chest” cavity; includes and is bounded by the following:

Answer 3

1. Pleural cavities
2. Mediastinum
3. Diaphragm
4. Thoracic wall

Question 4

Where are the pleural cavities?

Answer 4

the two cavities within which the lungs are located; bounded by two membranes

Question 5

The pleural cavities are bounded by what two membranes?

Answer 5

1. Parietal pleura

2. Visceral pleura

Question 6

Parietal pleura

Answer 6

the thin serous lining of the pleural walls.

Question 7

Visceral pleura

Answer 7

the thin serous membrane covering of the lungs

Question 8

Mediastinum

Answer 8

the “wall” separating the two pleural cavities consisting of the heart, trachea, and vessels

Question 9

Diaphragm

Answer 9

the dome-shaped muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 10

Thoracic wall consisting of:

Answer 10

(1) Ribs

(2) Intercostal muscles

Question 11

The gross anatomy of the respiratory system involves

Answer 11

1. Upper respiratory system structures
2. Lower respiratory system structures
3. Nasal cavities
4. Sinus (paranasal sinuses)
5. Pharynx (pronounced “fair” “inks” not “far” “nicks”)
6. Larynx (pronounced “lair” “inks” not “lar” “nicks”); the Adam’s apple or “voice box”;
7. Trachea
8. Internal passageways of the lungs

Question 12

Upper respiratory system structures

Answer 12

include nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, and trachea
include nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, and trachea
include nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, and trachea
include nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, and trachea

Question 13

Lower respiratory system structures

Answer 13

consists of LUNGS

Question 14

Nasal cavities - the space inside the “nose” dorsal to the roof of the mouth; associated structures include:

Answer 14

1. External nares
2. Nasal septum
3. Conchae
4. Palate

Question 15

External nares

Answer 15

the nostrils

Question 16

Nasal septum

Answer 16

the partition between right and left nasal cavities.

Question 17

Conchae three pairs of folds on the lateral walls of the nasal cavities; warms incoming air because of increased surface area; include:

Answer 17

(a) Superior conchae - the upper folds
(b) Middle conchae - the middle folds
(c) Inferior conchae - the lower folds

Question 18

Palate - the roof of the oral cavity (mouth) or floor of the nasal cavity; includes:

Answer 18

1. Hard palate
2. Soft palate
3. Uvula

Question 19

Hard palate

Answer 19

the anterior part of the palate; contains part of the maxillary and palatine bones

Question 20

Soft palate

Answer 20

the posterior part of the palate; includes

Question 21

Uvula

Answer 21

the downward extension of the posterior border of the human soft palate

Question 22

Sinus (paranasal sinuses)cavities within bone; lined by mucus membranes; continuous with the nasal cavities through ducts; include:

Answer 22

1. Frontal sinus
2. Sphenoid sinus
3. Ethmoid sinus
4. Maxillary sinus

Question 23

Frontal sinus

Answer 23

the cavity in the frontal bone

Question 24

Sphenoid sinus

Answer 24

the cavity in the sphenoid bone

Question 25

Ethmoid sinus

Answer 25

“cells” (cavities) in the ethmoid

Question 26

Maxillary sinus

Answer 26

the cavity in the maxillae

Question 27

Pharynx (pronounced “fair” “inks” not “far” “nicks”) - not a distinct structure but the region in which air and food passageways cross; includes:

Answer 27

1. Nasopharynx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

Question 28

Nasopharynx

Answer 28

the part of the pharynx dorsal to the soft palate; extends from the internal nares to the level to uvula tip.

Question 29

Oropharynx

Answer 29

the part of the pharynx between the tip of the uvula and the tip of the epiglottis; also considered part of the digestive system.

Question 30

Laryngopharynx

Answer 30

the part of the pharynx posterior to the epiglottis

Question 31

Larynx (pronounced “lair” “inks” not “lar” “nicks”); the Adam’s apple or “voice box”; consists of:

Answer 31

1. Thyroid cartilage
2. Cricoid cartilage
3. Epiglottis
4. Arytenoid
5. Vestibular folds (false vocal folds or cords)
6. Vocal folds (true vocal folds or cords)
7. Glottis

Question 32

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 32

the large cartilage forming most of the “Adam’s apple”

Question 33

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 33

small cartilage on the anterior side of the larynx but large on the posterior side.

Question 34

Epiglottis

Answer 34

the “flap” over the entrance to the larynx

Question 35

Arytenoid cartilage

Answer 35

a small, triangular cartilage; attachment of the vocal folds (cords).

Question 36

Vestibular folds (false vocal folds or cords)

Answer 36

the upper of two pairs of flap-like extensions of the arytenoid cartilage into the lumen of the larynx.

Question 37

Vocal folds (true vocal folds or cords)

Answer 37

• the lower of two pairs of flap-like extensions of the arytenoid cartilage into the lumen of the larynx.

Question 38

Glottis

Answer 38

the slit-like passage between the right and left true vocal folds (cords).

Question 39

Trachea

Answer 39

the “windpipe” containing rings of elastic cartilage and smooth muscle

Question 40

Internal passageways of the lungs:

Answer 40

1. Bronchi
2. Bronchioles
3. Alveolar sacs
4. Alveoli