Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Y2 RNU block > Anatomy of the Reproductive System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Ovaries are _______ ________ of the female reproductive system

A

Paired

Gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What makes up the duct system of the female reproductive tract

A

paired uterine tubes
single midline uterus
single midline vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where is the female reproductive tract located

A

Located in the pelvis

- vagina extends through the pelvic floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the functions of the ovaries

A

Exocrine- to produce oocytes

Endocrine- to produce oestrogen and progesterone in response to pituitary gonadotrophins (LH and FSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are ovaries’ surface scarred and pitted

A

due to multiple ovulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are ovaries located

A

Variable in position, especially after childbirth

BUT Near lateral wall of pelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what artery supplies the ovaries

A

Ovarian artery (paired)- arises from aorta at level of renal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the venous drainage of the ovaries

A

Ovarian Vein (paired)- drains to IVC on right, on left to left renal vein then to IVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries

A

drains to aortic nodes at level of renal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the 2 ligaments that support the ovaries

A
  • Suspensory ligament of ovary

- Ovarian Ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of the suspensory ligament of ovary

A

carries ovarian artery+vein

attaches ovary to lateral wall of the pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of the ovarian ligament

A

fibrous cord

links ovary to uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does the uterus lie

A

lies in midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Uterus is a secondary sex organ. what does that mean

A

Means it matures during puberty under the influence of sex hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Uterus is a ______ walled, muscular organ, capable of ________

A

Thick

Expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the parts of the uterus

A

Fundus (top)- entry point of the uterine tubes
Body- site of implantation of the blastocyst
Isthmus- narrowing between body and cervix
Cervix- links uterus to vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the cervix have

A

internal os and external os (os means opening)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The uterus is known as being ‘anteflexed’ and ‘anteverted’ in 80% of females. what does that mean

A

Anteflexed- Body of uterus is bent forwards on the cervix

Anteverted- Whole uterus is bent forward at a right angle to the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

20% females dont have anteflexed and anteverted uterus. what are their uterus like

A

Retroflexed

Retroverted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Explain the histological layers of the uterus

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium (stratum basale and stratum functionalis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which layer of the endometrium sheds during menstruation

A

stratum functionalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the broad ligament

A

Attaches sides of uterus to pelvis

peritoneal sheet draped over uterus and uterine tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of the round ligament

A

maintains the anteverted position of the uterus. Extends from uterine horns to labia majora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the function of the cardinal ligament

A

extends from cervix to lateral pelvic walls and supports the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the function of the uterosacral ligament
extends from cervix to sacrum and supports the uterus
26
what artery supplies the uterus
uterine artery- branch of internal iliac artery
27
what vein drains from the uterus
uterine vein- drains to internal iliac vein
28
describe the lymphatic drainage of the uterus
Lymphatics–drainage of body and cervix differ - body to para-aortic nodes - cervix to internal iliac nodes
29
list the peritoneal reflections/ pouches found in the female reproductive tract
Rectouterine (rectum and uterus) | Uterovesical (bladder and uterus)
30
why were pouches more relevant in the olden days
women would get infection and this would get out into the pouches. (not as relevant now due to antibiotics)
31
what are the functions of the uterine tubes
transport of ovum from ovary to uterus
32
uterine tube inner mucosa is lined with _________ _________ epithelial cells and ___ cells
ciliated columnar peg
33
What are peg cells and what are their functions
non-ciliated secretory cells | they waft the ovum towards the uterus and supplies it with nutrients
34
How does the smooth muscle of the uterine tubes help i in fertilisation
smooth muscle layer contracts to assist with transportation of the ovum and sperm
35
Describe the parts of the uterine tube
Fimbriae- ciliated projections that capture ovum from the ovary surface Infundibulum- funnel-shaped opening to peritoneal cavity, Ampulla- widest section and fertilisation occurs here Isthmus- short narrowed section connected to uterine wall
36
What is the blood supply and venous drainage of the uterine tubes
uterine and ovarian arteries | uterine and ovarian veins
37
Describe lymphatic drainage of the uterine tubes
Iliac, sacral and aortic lymph nodes
38
describe the function of the pubocervical ligament
bilateral structures which attach the cervix to the pubic symphysis
39
What's bicornuate uterus
Problem during development- failure of fusion of uterus- results in two uterine horns ‘heart shaped uterus’ Can be tricky to get pregnant
40
"There is no direct continuity of gonad and duct system in the females as there is in males" why is this a problem
female duct system opens to the peritoneal cavity CONSEQUENCES: risk of infection spreading in and up from exterior female gamete is shed to peritoneal cavity
41
where are the testes located
within the scrotum
42
how are the testes suspended from the abdomen
by the spermatic cord which holds arteries, veins, lymphatics and vas deferens
43
describe the function of the testes
exocrine and endocrine glands | exocrine- produce spermatogonia, endocrine produces hormones like testosterone
44
what are the accessory glands of the male reproductive system
One PROSTATE GLAND Two SEMINAL VESICLES Two BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
45
what is the prostatic utricle
outpouching and is remnant of the uterus in the males
46
why does the scrotum hang outside
Scrotum hangs outside for temperature control because body temperature is harmful for sperm and scrotum staying outside allows normal spermatogenesis
47
Describe the testes duct system in males
closely associated with urinary system - Seminiferous tubules- sperm production occurs. - Ends of coiled seminiferous tubules make up the straight tubules - Straight tubules join to form the RETE TESTES - Efferent ductules- carry sperm from rete testes to epidydimis - tail of epididymis is connected to the vas deferens
48
List the layers of the scrotum
``` Skin Dartos muscle- smooth muscle and gives testes its crinkly appearance External spermatic fascia Cremasteric fascia Internal spermatic fascia ```
49
what is significant about the fascia layers of the scrotum
External spermatic fascia Cremasteric fascia Internal spermatic fascia these layers may be fused and hard to distinguish *they are derived from layers of the abdominal wall
50
Cremaster muscle of the TESTES is _______ muscle. Runs ____ to dermis. Runs in ________ cord.
skeletal deep spermatic
51
What is the cremaster relfex
contracts to raise testis in cold weather
52
what testicular layers covers the testes before it is covered by the layers of the scrotum
Tunica Vaginalis (parietal and visceral layer)
53
Whats hydrocele and how is it treated
Excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis | Easily treated by draining the fluid
54
what is the function of the tunica vaginalis
contains vicous fluid that allows friction free movement of the testes
55
what is the tunica albuginea
fibrous capsule that encloses the testes and lies medially to the tunica vaginalis (internal layer)
56
why does sperm production occur in the seminiferous tubules
Because they are lined with sertoli cells
57
what is the function of the epidydimis
storage and maturation of sperm
58
describe the histology of the epidydimis and how it helps in sperm journey
lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia (long microvilli) - Stereocilia increase the area for absorption from fluid - Can monitor and adjust the fluid composition- makes sure fluid is optimum for sperm to survive (so either adds or absorbs fluid)
59
what is the epidydimis continuous with
the vas deferens
60
what parts does the epidydimis have
head body tail
61
what artery supplies the testes
testicular artery
62
what is the venous drainage of the testes and explain one of their COOL functions (LOL)
Pampiniform plexus →testicular vein →IVC on right, renal vein on left (part of the cooling system of testes-cools arterial blood through counter current cooling mechanism)
63
describe lymphatic drainage of the testes
Different lymphatic drainage of testis and scrotum: - testis to para-aortic nodes - scrotum to inguinal nodes
64
describe the histology of the vas deferens
thick walled with a small lumen
65
How does smooth muscle in the wall of the vas deferens help it
smooth muscle in the wall contracts by peristalsis at emission- helps ejaculate sperm at high velocity
66
where does the vas deferens run through
runs in spermatic cord, through inguinal canal
67
where does vas deferens lie
lies on side wall of pelvis, turns medially to base of bladder
68
vas deferens enlarges at the end. what is this area called
ampulla region
69
how does the seminal vesicle develop
Develops as an out-pouching of the ductus deferens
70
seminal vesicles are ______ tubes
Coiled
71
what is the function of the seminal vesicle (2 vesicles)
Secretes an alkaline viscous fluid which helps to neutralise the acid in the female tract, allowing the semen to travel to the egg.
72
What other substances does the fluid that seminal vesicles secrete contains?
- Fructose- used for ATP production by sperm - Prostaglandins which aid sperm mobility and viability and may also stimulate muscle contraction in the female tract. (contractions help sperm to be pushed towards the egg). Also suppresses female immune system to accept sperm - Clotting Factors- Helps keep semen in the female reproductive tract post-ejaculation
73
what percentage does the fluid that seminal vesicles secrete make up the total ejaculation
60%
74
Explain the location of the prostate gland
surrounds the beginning of the urethra
75
what is the function of the prostate gland (1 gland)
secretes a slightly acidic fluid containing citrate (used by sperm for ATP production), acid phosphatase and proteolytic enzymes (fibrinolysin) which liquefy coagulated semen passes its secretion to the urethra via many prostatic ducts
76
what percentage does the fluid that prostate gland secrete make up the total ejaculation
30%
77
what is the location of the bulbourethral glands (2 glands)
Sits under the prostate | Ducts open to spongy urethra
78
what is the function of the bulbourethral glands
produce a mucous like secretion which is added to ejaculation and neutralises the acidity of the urethra in preparation for the passage of sperm. - also provides lubrication
79
what percentage does the fluid that Bulbourethral gland secrete make up the total ejaculation
5%
80
How do the ejaculatory ducts form
Duct of the seminal vesicle joins with the vas deferens on each side to form the ejaculatory duct
81
Where does the ejaculatory duct sit and what does it empty into
Sits on top of prostate gland | empties into the urethra which runs through the penis
82
What layers cover the spermatic cord
External spermatic fascia cremasteric muscle and fascia Internal spermatic fascia NOT dartos muscle

Y2 RNU block (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions