Anatomy of the mouth , oesophagus and stomach Flashcards
what structures are included int he GI tract
oral cavity, pharynx , oesophagus , stomach , small and large intestine
the oral cavity if the firs portion of the GI tract and lies below the nasal cavity and is more anterior than the oropharynx and consist of what
mouth ( oral vestibule ) - narrow space
oral cavity - palate, teeth, gums, salivary glands and tongue
salivary glands secrete straight into the oral cavity that aid in digestion. Saliva keeps the mucosal surfaces lubricated
besides the glands in lips what are the 3 major salivary glands
parotid - CN9
submandibular - CN7
sublingual -CN7 and lingual nerve which is branch of trigeminal 3 - mandibular nerve
all exocrine glands - saliva has high bicarbonate conc
gingivitis
inflammation of gums , bacterial leading to bleeding and swelling
the teeth are found in upper maxilla and lower mandible . humans have two types of teeth deciduous teeth( 20 death early age) and permanent teeth which is the secondary dentition 32 teeth.
the frenulum sup and inf are hat
the bits between your lips and gums
where does the parotid gland open
2nd upper molar
what is buccinator muscle
holds cheek to teeth and assists with chewing - facial nerve
Length of gastric tube to be used
Incisor teeth - cricopharygeal junction: 15cm
Cricopharygeal junction – lower esophageal sphincter 25cm
what do you need to take into consideration
peoples height not all the same
in cleft palate what tooth does it normally present at
maxillary lateral incicors - 2nd tooth along
when do the lower central incisors teeth usually start
6 months
then upper jaw follows with the upper central incisors at like 6.5months
when are the lower deciduous central incisor teeth usually shed
6 years
when did you shed your upper deciduous central incisors
year 7
enlarged what makes swallowing difficult
enlarged palatine tonsils
mylohyoid line
is a ridge on the internal surface of the mandible - origin of mylohyoid muscle
what is the order arteries veins and nerves in the tongue on each side medial to lateral
artery , nerve then vein
ANV
nerve for local anaesthetic , vein for oral administration of drugs
motor innervation of the tongue
hypoglossal nerve
sensory innervation of tongue front 2/3
lingual nerve of mandibular nerve to trigemnial for general sensory and bit of facial nerve chords tympani for special sensory
glossapharyngael nerve does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
what nerve does the maxillary palate - top
CN v2 - maxillary nerve
what nerve innervates the floor of the mouth and the mandibular palate
CN V3 mandibular nerve
what vertebrae does the oesophagus run
C6-T10 - right of it is the right lung and to the left is the aortic arch and left lung
what cell type is the mucosa of the oropharynx and laryngopahynx
stratified squamous epithelium
what is gastroeophageal reflux disease
decreased then of lower oesophageal sphincter ( normally resting tone is high - normal NO and vasoactive peptide from myenteric plexus under vagal control causes relaxation allowing food to enter stomach). this causes abdominal pain , gas , heartburn , dysphagia and could result in ulceration.
voluntary swallowing stages
oral prep phase - suckling, chewing , mixing saliva with food
oral phase- upright posture, closer mandible and elevate the tongue to press bolus on uvula
stages of involuntary swallowing
reflex sets in when the bolus reaches the uvula - soft palate leavers, nasopharynx and oropharynx close by sup constrictor and thyroid cartilage ascended to meet epiglottis and contraction occurs
Bolus in pharynx = less than 1 second
Esophagus travel time = 5 to 6 seconds
