Anatomy of the mouth , oesophagus and stomach

Question 1

what structures are included int he GI tract

Answer 1

oral cavity, pharynx , oesophagus , stomach , small and large intestine

Question 2

the oral cavity if the firs portion of the GI tract and lies below the nasal cavity and is more anterior than the oropharynx and consist of what

Answer 2

mouth ( oral vestibule ) - narrow space

oral cavity - palate, teeth, gums, salivary glands and tongue

Question 3

salivary glands secrete straight into the oral cavity that aid in digestion. Saliva keeps the mucosal surfaces lubricated
besides the glands in lips what are the 3 major salivary glands

Answer 3

parotid - CN9

submandibular - CN7

sublingual -CN7 and lingual nerve which is branch of trigeminal 3 - mandibular nerve

all exocrine glands - saliva has high bicarbonate conc

Question 4

gingivitis

Answer 4

inflammation of gums , bacterial leading to bleeding and swelling

Question 5

the teeth are found in upper maxilla and lower mandible . humans have two types of teeth deciduous teeth( 20 death early age) and permanent teeth which is the secondary dentition 32 teeth.
the frenulum sup and inf are hat

Answer 5

the bits between your lips and gums

Question 6

where does the parotid gland open

Answer 6

2nd upper molar

Question 7

what is buccinator muscle

Answer 7

holds cheek to teeth and assists with chewing - facial nerve

Question 8

Length of gastric tube to be used
Incisor teeth - cricopharygeal junction: 15cm
Cricopharygeal junction – lower esophageal sphincter 25cm

what do you need to take into consideration

Answer 8

peoples height not all the same

Question 9

in cleft palate what tooth does it normally present at

Answer 9

maxillary lateral incicors - 2nd tooth along

Question 10

when do the lower central incisors teeth usually start

Answer 10

6 months

then upper jaw follows with the upper central incisors at like 6.5months

Question 11

when are the lower deciduous central incisor teeth usually shed

Answer 11

6 years

Question 12

when did you shed your upper deciduous central incisors

Answer 12

year 7

Question 13

enlarged what makes swallowing difficult

Answer 13

enlarged palatine tonsils

Question 14

mylohyoid line

Answer 14

is a ridge on the internal surface of the mandible - origin of mylohyoid muscle

Question 15

what is the order arteries veins and nerves in the tongue on each side medial to lateral

Answer 15

artery , nerve then vein

ANV
nerve for local anaesthetic , vein for oral administration of drugs

Question 16

motor innervation of the tongue

Answer 16

hypoglossal nerve

Question 17

sensory innervation of tongue front 2/3

Answer 17

lingual nerve of mandibular nerve to trigemnial for general sensory and bit of facial nerve chords tympani for special sensory

glossapharyngael nerve does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Question 18

what nerve does the maxillary palate - top

Answer 18

CN v2 - maxillary nerve

Question 19

what nerve innervates the floor of the mouth and the mandibular palate

Answer 19

CN V3 mandibular nerve

Question 20

what vertebrae does the oesophagus run

Answer 20

C6-T10 - right of it is the right lung and to the left is the aortic arch and left lung

Question 21

what cell type is the mucosa of the oropharynx and laryngopahynx

Answer 21

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 22

what is gastroeophageal reflux disease

Answer 22

decreased then of lower oesophageal sphincter ( normally resting tone is high - normal NO and vasoactive peptide from myenteric plexus under vagal control causes relaxation allowing food to enter stomach). this causes abdominal pain , gas , heartburn , dysphagia and could result in ulceration.

Question 23

voluntary swallowing stages

Answer 23

oral prep phase - suckling, chewing , mixing saliva with food

oral phase- upright posture, closer mandible and elevate the tongue to press bolus on uvula

Question 24

stages of involuntary swallowing

Answer 24

reflex sets in when the bolus reaches the uvula - soft palate leavers, nasopharynx and oropharynx close by sup constrictor and thyroid cartilage ascended to meet epiglottis and contraction occurs

Bolus in pharynx = less than 1 second
Esophagus travel time = 5 to 6 seconds

Question 25

capacity of stomach

Answer 25

2-4L

Question 26

4 parts of stomach

Answer 26

The human stomach is subdivided into four regions: the fundus, an expanded area curving up above the cardiac opening (the opening from the stomach into the esophagus); the body, or intermediate region, the central and largest portion; the antrum, the lowermost, somewhat funnel-shaped portion of the stomach; and the pylorus, a narrowing where the stomach joins the small intestine.

Question 27

diaphragm 
anterior abode wall 
left costal margin 
lef tlung 
left inferior pleura 
left lobe of the liver 

are all what relations to the stomach

Answer 27

anterior

Question 28

diaphragm 
spleen 
left kidney 
left adrenal gland 
pancreas
left colic flexure 

are all what in relation to the stomach

Answer 28

posterior

Question 29

Hypochondrium Region
Epigastric Region
A bit of Umbilical Region

Answer 29

the stomach

Question 30

pyloric hypertrophy stenosis

Answer 30

functional gastric outlet obstruction - forceful projectile vomiting in baby - may go several feet across room

this is a birth defect

can cause dehydration

Question 31

what is gastric lavage - life threatening within 60mins of ingestion

Answer 31

process of cleaning out the stomach

tube through mouth or nose removing toxicants with saline in stomach - left later deceits position , incubated supine

Question 32

gastric band surgery

Answer 32

treat obesity and diabetes

Question 33

stomach ulcers can be caused by aspirin , ibuprofen, also , caffeine and smoking but what bacteria most commonly causes them

Answer 33

helicobacter pylori

Question 34

how it heart bro caused

Answer 34

acid and stomach contents back up into the oesophagus.

Question 35

Greater omentum attaches to the greater curvature and the lesser momentum attaches to the lesser curvature
The cardiac part communicates with the oesophagus
The fundus is sup part under respiratory diaphragm
The Body is between the fundus and pyloric antrum
What is the pylorus

Answer 35

Site of pyloric sphincter muscle -joins first part of duodenum

Question 36

How does the greater sac communicate with the lesser sac

Answer 36

Epiploic foramen