anatomy of the hip and gluteal region

Question 1

which ligaments connect the sacrum and ischium

Answer 1

Sacro-spinous ligament

Sacro-tuberous ligament ( Ishial tuberosity )

Question 2

what are the two sciatic foramen and which one does the sciatic nerve go through ?

Answer 2

• greater and lesser foramens

- sciatic nerve goes trough the greater sciatic foramen

Question 3

ligaments around the hip joint

Answer 3

ischiofemoral ligament (posterior)
iliofemoral ligament ( anterior )

Question 4

hip extensor muscles

Answer 4

3 extensors infront => hamstring muscles all originate from ischial tuberosity and gluteus Maximus which covers them

• > semi membranosus ( back of tibia ),
• > semi tendinosus ( behind the membranous , inserts on medial aspect of tibia
• > biceps femoris
• > Gluteal Maximus => thick sheath of muscle that covers the hamstrings at the top ( anti gravity muscle)

Question 5

3 hamstring muscles ?
2+1
where do they insert

Answer 5

All arise from ischial tuberosity

2 run medially :
=>semi membranosus ( back of tibia )
=> semi tendinosus ( behind the membranous,inserts on medial aspect of tibia)

1 runs laterally:
=> biceps femoris ( short head is linea aespera )

hamstrings help us walk forward

Question 6

biceps femoris is special because ?
where do long, short head arise from ?
where does it insert ?

Answer 6

Only hamstring muscle that runs laterally:
=> biceps femoris
- long head ( arises from ischial tuberosity )
- short head ( linea aespera)
- both join and insert on head of fibula

Question 7

Abductor muscles of the hip

Answer 7

• gluteus minimus
• gluteus medius
• tensor fascia late

Question 8

short hip rotator muscles x6
deepest muscles
POOGGQ

Answer 8

• Piriformis ( from sacrum, near sciatic nerve )
• Obturator internus
• Obturator externus
• Gemellus inferior
• Gemellus superior
• Quadratus femoris

they all produce lateral rotation of the hip

Question 9

innervation of extensor muscles

a) hamstrings ( extensions of the hip )
b) gluteus maximus

Answer 9

a) Sciatic nerve

b) inferior gluteal nerve

Question 10

innervation of the abductor muscles

• gluteus minimus
• gluteus medius
• tensor fascia lata

Answer 10

superior gluteal nerve for all of them

Question 11

short hip rotator muscle innervation

Answer 11

Obturator nerve,
nerve to the Piriformis,
nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 12

which ligaments stabilise the hip joint

4

Answer 12

ligament of the head of femur
( which carries the artery to the head of the femur )
- stabilised by another three ligaments :
1) Illiofemoral
2)Ischiofemoral
3)Pubofemoral

Question 13

arterial supply to the hip joint

Answer 13

-medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

branches of the profounda femoris artery

Question 14

innervation to the hip joint

Answer 14

sciatic
obturator
femoral nerves