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Intro to ECG > Anatomy of the heart and EKG interpretation > Flashcards

Anatomy of the heart and EKG interpretation Flashcards

0
Q

Left main artery

A

Has more branches

Heart is more muscular and requires more blood

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1
Q

Coronary artery

A

Supply bld to heart muscle

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2
Q

systemic

A

Body

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4
Q

Systole

A

Contracts creating pressure that opens the valves

  • right ventricle flows to lungs
  • left ventricle to aorta to body
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4
Q

4 unique qualities of the heart

A

Automaticity, conductivity, contractivity, excitability

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5
Q

Diastole

A

Relax

blood returns from vena cava

right atrium to right ventricle

pulmonary veins from left atrium to left ventricle

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6
Q

Automaticity

A

Initiate electric pulse

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7
Q

Conductivity

A

Ability of myocardial cells to receive conduct electrical pulses

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8
Q

Contractivity

A

Shorten in response to an electrical impulses

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9
Q

Excitability

A

Respond to an impulse or stimulus

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10
Q

Sinoatrial Noade (sa)

A

Pacemaker Normal conduction of the heart

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11
Q

Atrioventricular Node (av)

A

Regulates blood flow

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12
Q

Bundle of His (av bundle)

A

Transfer electrical impulses from atria to the ventricles via bundle branches

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13
Q

Bundle branches

A

Split electrical impulse down the right and left side

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14
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Electrical pathway for each cardiac cell

Impulse activates ventricles simultaneously

Produce an electrical wave

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15
Q

P wave

A

First positive deflection Occurs when atria depolarize

atrial contraction

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16
Q

Q wave

A
  • Represent conduction of impulse down the inter ventricular septum
  • First negative deflection before R wave
  • Not always visualized on the ECG
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17
Q

R wave

A
  • First positive wave of the QRS complex
  • Rep. Conduction of electrical impulse to the left ventricle
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18
Q

S wave

A

First negative deflection after R wave

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19
Q

QRS complex

A

Complete ventricle depolarization

atrial repolarization occurs (not seen)

0.06 - 0.1 seconds

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20
Q

ST segment

A

End of the S wave to the beginning of T wave

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21
Q

Myocardial damage

A

Elevated ST segment

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22
Q

Isoelectric line

A

Baseline

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23
Q

Ischemia

A

Reduced oxygen to the heart

24
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization Positive

25
Q

TWI

A

Inverted T wave

26
Q

U wave

A

Not on all EKGs

27
Q

sympathetic branch

A

increase heart rate in response to norepinephrine

28
Q

parasympathetic

A

decrease heart rate via vagus nerve

29
Q

Depolarization

A

stimulation, that

causes the heart to contract

30
Q

Repolarization

A

cellular recovery following contraction

heart relaxes allowing for chamber to refill

31
Q

PR interval

A

measured beginning of P wave (atrial depol) to beginning of QRS (ventr. depol)

.12-.20 seconds

how long it takes the ventricles to contract

32
Q

QT interval

A

Time required for ventricular depolarization and repolarization

starts at the beginning of QRS complex and ends at the end of T

33
Q

J point

A

end of QRS complex

34
Q

1 square on the paper is equilvelent to ______ seconds

A

.04

35
Q

calculating heart rate

A

6 second method

300 method

1500 method

36
Q

6 second method

A

best for irregular

not as accurate

37
Q

300 method

A

300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50

start on the next bold line after the R wave

subtract the two numbers the next R wave falls between and divide by 5

the number you get is the equivelent to one box

38
Q

Describe the 1500 method.

A
  1. Ccount the number of small boxes between two R
  2. divide 1500 by that number
39
Q

What is Sinus Bradycardia?
Where does it originate from?

A

Originating from the SA node with a heart rate of less than 60 BPM.

This rate may or not affect cardiac output.

40
Q

What is sinus tachycardia?

Where does it originate from?

A

Sinus tachycardia originates from the SA node with a heart rate above 100 BPM.

41
Q

Define

Informed consent

A

A process for getting permission before conducting a healthcare intervention on a person, or for disclosing personal information.

42
Q

Define

troubleshooting

A

handle problems

43
Q

Which electrode is considered the ground in an EKG?

A

right leg

44
Q

Which electrodes are considered the precordial leads?

A

chest leads

45
Q

Describe Lead I on an EKG and which limbs it consist of.

A

positive

records tracing from right arm (-) to left arm (+)

46
Q

Describe Lead II on an EKG and which limbs it consist of

A

Positive

records tracing from right arm (-) to left leg (+)

most favourable

47
Q

Describe Lead III on an EKG and which limbs it consist of

A

Positive

records electrical activity from left arm (-) to left leg (+)

48
Q

Which leads are considered augmented leads and unipolar?
Why are they called augmented?

A

aVR

aVL

aVF

tracings are increased in size

49
Q

Describe the aVR lead and the direction of its vector.

A

Negative deflection

only limb lead on right side

in direction of right arm

records activity from heart to right arm

50
Q

Describe aVL lead and its vector.

A

Positive deflection

smallest deflection

heart to left arm

51
Q

Describe the aVF lead and its vector.

A

Positive deflection

measures in the direction of left foot

52
Q

Name 3 EKG machine function.

A

Input

signal processing (delay)

output display

53
Q

What is the normal speed for an ECG

A

25mm/sec

54
Q

What is the normal artifact filter for an EKG?

A

normal setting between 40 - 150 Hz

55
Q

How many electrodes in a 12 lead ECG ?

A

10

56
Q

What is being measured on the horizontal axis of an EKG reading?

A

time (seconds)

57
Q

What is being measure on the vertical axis?

A

Myocardial Voltage (millivolts)

58
Q

What is the measurement of one large box?

A

5mm x 5mm

Intro to ECG (8 decks)

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