Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the blood vascular system?

A

A closed supply and drainage system ~ a continuous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four organs involved in the cardiovascular system and what are their roles?

A

Heart: the pump, pumps blood out
Arteries: supply, pipes that carry blood away from the heart and supply capillaries
Capillaries: exchange, brings nutrients to tissues and takes waste away
Veins/lymphatics: drainage, blood drained back towards heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the lymphatic (vascular) system?

A

An open-entry drainage system ~ one way system
Plasma, fluid etc. can end up outside blood vessels in lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is vascular tissue made up of?

A

Connective tissues: give strength and flexibility
Cells: epithelia (form barriers between environments) and muscle (cardiac muscle only found in heart, smooth muscle found in walls of blood vessels)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pathway of blood in the heart

A

Deoxygenated blood travels from the right side of the heart to the lungs where it is reoxygenated and taken back to the heart through the left side where it is taken to capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do the lymphatic vessels do?

A

Lymphatic vessels drain back in a seperate pathway bringing fluid that has been lost and reuniting it with veins near the right side of the heart
Lymph nodes involved in immune surveillance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the pulmonary and systemic pathways?

A

Pulmonary pathway: deoxygenated blood from right side of heart to lungs where it becomes oxygenated and goes back to left side heart
Systemic pathway: oxygenated blood pumped from heart to everywhere else in body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the supply side of the heart consist of?

A

Arteries are the only supply path, they carry blood under high pressure
Major arteries are situated to avoid damage (deep in trunk, flexor aspect of limbs)
Important structures often receive supply from two arteries
Arteries change their name at each major branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the exchange side of the heart consist of?

A

Capillaries of varying degrees of permeability
- Continuous (controlled ~ tight)
- Fenestrated (leaky)
- Sinusoidal (very leaky)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the drainage side of the heart consist of?

A

There are 3 pathways for drainage : deep veins, superficial veins and lymphatics
Veins carry low pressure blood hence if we damage superficial veins only need to apply light pressure to stop bleeding
Cross-sectional area of veins is at least twice of arteries so we can match supply and drainage pipes/shift same volume blood/second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the shape of the heart?

A

Blunt, cone shaped, size approx of a closed fist
Pointed end is inferior - apex - found between 5th and 6th ribs
Broad end is superior - base - found between 2nd and 3rd ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the right atrium receive?

A

Deoxygenated blood
Received from superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the left atrium receive?

A

Oxygenated blood
Received from four pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall?

A

Endocardium - within
Myocardium - muscle
Epicardium - upon/on top
Pericardium - around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the epicardium?

A

Outermost layer of the heart consisting of tubular structures (blood vessels)
Thicker where there are more blood vessels
Consists of a visceral pericardium (part of pericardium fused into epicardium), large blood vessels (arteries and veins) loose irregular FCT and adipose (fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

Pumping chamber of the heart, muscle drives pump so myocardium is most dominant layer
Thicker on left side than right side 3:1 ratio (1.5cm:0.5cm)
Thicker on left as pumping more blood to more areas hence requires more force meaning more muscle required to pump blood

17
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

Thin layer that separates blood in chambers of heart from heart wall
Made up of: squamous epithelium, endothelium, (without blood would hit tissues underneath and clot), Loose irregular connection tissue (Fibrous connective tissue, FCT), small blood vessels and purkinje fibres (conduction fibres carrying electrical signals)

18
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Consists of four layers: fibrous pericardium, parietal layer of serous pericardium (serous membrane which wraps around heart creating closed space), pericardial cavity (fluid where heart can beat and move) and visceral serous pericardium (fused into epicardium)