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Physiology and Pharmacology > Anatomy of the heart > Flashcards

Anatomy of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

Where does deoxygenated and oxygenated blood pass through the heart?

A

Deoxygenated- passes through the right side of the heart

Oxygenated- passes through the left side

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2
Q

What is another name for a red blood cell? and where does it begin its journey?

A

Erythrocyte

The right atrium

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3
Q

Where does the erythrocyte first pass from into?

A

The erythrocyte passes from the right atrium through a valve into the right ventricle
Then into the lungs where the blood oxygenated

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4
Q

Where does the oxygenated blood then pass into?

A

Into the left side of the heart, atrium then left ventricle where it then goes into the body and the tissues

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5
Q

Through what does the oxygenated blood leave the heart?

A

Inititially in the aorta

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6
Q

Arteries have reletively thick walls with three layers. State these 3 layers

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

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7
Q

Within the artery, what does the tunica intima consist of?

A
  • Internal layer

- Endothelial and connective tissue layer

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8
Q

Within the artery, what does the tunica media consist of?

A
  • Middle layer
  • Largely smooth muscle
  • (Some arteries have high levels of elastin)
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9
Q

Within the artery, what does the tunica adventitia consist of?

A
  • Supporting connective tissue

- Larger arteries even have their own blood vessels in this layer

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10
Q

How is elastin in arteries such as the aorta arranged?

A

Arranged in concentric lamellae

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11
Q

What is the division of branches from arteries?

A

Arteries > Arterioles > Capillaries

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12
Q

What happens to the blood when oxygen in delivered to organs and tissues?

A

Blood passes into venues, which come together to form veins

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13
Q

What is th epurpose of valves in veins?

A

Prevents the backflow of blood

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14
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

The mediastinum- an area within the thoracic cavity

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15
Q

Other than the heart, what is also located in the central area of the mediastinum?

A

Great vessels

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16
Q

How is the mediastinum divided into a superior and inferior mediastinum?

A

Separated by an imaginary horizontal plane running through the sternal angle anteriroly and the T4/5 intervertebral disc posterirorly

17
Q

What is the contents of the superior mediastinum?

A
  • Great vessels
  • Thymus
  • Oesophagus
  • Trachea
18
Q

What is the contents of the inferior anterior mediastinum?

A
  • Thymus

- Vessels

19
Q

What is the contents of the inferior middle mediastinum?

A
  • Heart

- Pericardium

20
Q

What is the contents of the inferior posterior mediastinum?

A
  • Oesophagus
  • Vessels
  • Nerves
21
Q

What is the heart covered in?

A

A layer of fat

Three layers of mmebrane called the pericardium

22
Q

What are the three layers of pericardium called?

A

Fibrous
Serous Parietal
Serous Visceral

23
Q

What is the fibrous component of the pericardium

A
  • Outer layer

- Tough, thick, fibrous

24
Q

What is the serous component of the pericardium?

A
  • Thin

- Space between contains thin layer of pericardial fluid

25
Q

The muscles of the right atrium are thrown into ridges known as what?

A

Musculi pectinati

26
Q

What is the slight depression in the atrium known as?

A

Fossa ovalis

27
Q

What is the fossa ovals?

A

Embryological remnant of the foraman ovale (oval window) which shunted blood directly fro the right side of the heart to the left side during fetal life, bypassing the non-functional lungs

28
Q

What are the typical features of valves?

A
  • Atrioventricular valve
  • Chordae tendineae
  • Papillary muscle
  • Trabeculae carneae
29
Q

What are the valves as a whole known as?

A

Semilunar valves

30
Q

What is the word for listening to the heart with a stethoscope?

A

Auscultation

31
Q

Where would you place the stethoscope for auscultation of the aortic valve, pulmonary valve, tricuspid valve and the mitral valve?

A

Aortic- Left of sternum
Pulmonary- Right of sternum
Tricuspid- Below pulmonary
Mitral- Diagonally down rightfrom the tricuspid

32
Q

Name the arteries within the heart

A 
Right and left coronary artery
Circumflex artery
Anterior interventricular artery
Right marginal artery
Posterior inter ventricular artery
33
Q

What are the veins called that drain the heart and where does it drain into?

A

Cardiac veins

Coronary sinus

34
Q

What are the veins that connect to the coronary sinus within the heart called?

A

Great cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein

Physiology and Pharmacology (22 decks)

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