Anatomy Of The Brachial Plexus Flashcards
What is special about the atlas
No body
No spinous process
Occipital condyles connect to the brain (Atlanta-occipital joint)
What is special about the axial
C2
Would have the ordontoid process (the leg)
The body of c1 during development would fuse with C2 to form this peg
What is the anterior boarder of the brachial plexus (BP)
The pectoralis minor and major muscles
What is the lateral broader of the BP
The intertubercular sulcus of the humerus bones
What is the medial boarder of the BP
Serratus anterior muscle
The upper thoratic wall
What is the posterior boarder of the BP
The Subscapularis muscles
Terres minor
What are the landmarks of the BP
C5-T1
Where does C1 attach to the brain
The occipital condyles
(Atlanto-occipital joints)
What is the artery of the brachial plexus
The axillary artery
Where does the axillary artery come from and where does it lead to
Comes from: the subclavian artery
Leads to: the brachial artery (in the arm)
What is the floor of the BP
The skin of the armpit
What are the lymph node areas in the BP
Anterior: pectoralis (3-5)
Posterior: Subscapular (7-8)
Lateral: humeral (4-6)
Central
Apex (near the coracoid)
Where do the vertebral artery’s run through in the vertebrae
The transverse foremen
What are the ligaments of the vertebrae
Anterior Longitudinal
Posterior longitudinal
Supraspinous ligament
Ligamentum flava
Ligamentum nucheal
Interspinous ligament
What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament and where does it go to
Stops the hyperextension
Goes to C1
What is the posterior longitudinal ligament and where does it go
Attaches C2 to the head area
Would be narrower and weaker then the A.L.L
What is the ligamentum nucheal and where does it go
Would stop at C7 and would then form the supraspinous ligament
Can be seen when have a medial Sagittal cut
What is myelopathy
Pressure on the cord
What is radiopathy
Pressure on the nerves
What does cervical spondylosis lead to
Osteophyte formation
Hypertrophy on the ligaments and the joints
Loss of disc height
What are the cords of the BP
Medial
Lateral
Posterior
(All related to the axillary artery)
Where do the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs articulate
The costovertebrae joints
(The costotransverse joints)
What is special about the area T1-T4
Shares some features of the cervical spine
What is special about the T5-T8
Aids rotation and the lateral flexion
What is special about T9-T12
Shares some features of the lumbar region
What are the margins of the axillary inlet
Medial: lateral rib 1
Anterior: posterior of clavicle
Posterior: anterior of scapular
Apex: medial of the coracoid
What is the function of the anterior and the posterior divisions
Anterior: flexion
Posterior: extension
What are the the trunks
Superior: C5-C6
Middle: C7
Inferior: C8-T1
What are the cords and what trunks do they connect with
The next area of the brachial plexus
Lateral: superior and middle (anterior division)
Posterior: all three trunks (posterior division)
Medial: the inferior trunk (anterior division)
What are all the divisions of the axillary artery
Superior thoratic artery
Thoracoacromial artery
Lateral thoratic artery
Sub scapular artery
Anterior circumflex humeral
Posterior circumflex humeral
Long thoracic artery
What does the suprascapular nerve C5/6 do
Goes to the scapular
What does the ulnar nerve do C7-T1
Would go to the ulnar of the hand
What does the musculocutaneous nerve do C5/6
Would allow flexion and supination of the forearm
What does the median nerve do C5-T1
Connects to the lateral and the medial nerve supplies from the brachial plexus
What does the long thoracic nerve do C5/C7
Supplies the serratus anterior (that would be in the medial compartment of the axillary)
What is the apex bone wall of the axilla
Medial to the coracoid process
What is the medial bone walls of the axilla
The lateral side of the first ribs
What is the anterior bone wall of the axilla
The inferior side of the clavicle
What is the posterior bone wall of the axilla
The superior aspect of the scapula
What positions is the 1st part of the axillary artery
Lateral to first rib
Medial to pectoralis minor
What position is the 2nd area of the axillary artery
Posterior to the pectoralis minor muscle
What position is the 3rd part of the axillary artery
Lateral to the pectoralis minor muscle
Inferior to the teres major
What branched off the first part of the axiallry artery
The superior thoracic artery
What artery’s branch off the second part of the axillary artery
Lateral thoracic artery
Thoracoacromial artery
What artery’s branch off the the 3rd part of the axillary artery
Subscapular artery
Anterior circumflex humeral artery
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
What is he function of the ligamentum flava
Thin, broad elastic fibres
Prevents the abnormal curvature of the spine
What is the function of the anterior longitudinal ligament and what is it made of
Stops hyperextension
Thick fibrous band
What is the ligamentum nuchae made of
Fibrous tissue
What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Prevents/redirects the posterior herniation of the nucleus pulposus
Weaker prevention of the hyperextension
