anatomy of the biliary tract and spleen Flashcards
how is bile produced
Production by hepatocytes
Secreted into canaliculi (join to enter bile ductules and ducts in portal triad)
Ductules are cuboidal epithelium and ducts are columnar
what is the biliary tree
Smaller ducts continuously join together
Liver, gallbladder and pancreas secretions enter duodenum
what is the structure of the biliary tree
Left and right hepatic ducts leave via porta hepatis
Join to form common hepatic duct
Cystic duct joins to form common bile duct
goes with pancreatic duct to duodenum
what is the extra hepatic bile duct
Duct wall now contains fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle
Meets pancreatic duct to form the (hepatopancreatic) ampulla of Vater
The sphincter of Oddi moderates emptying into duodenum
how does the portal triad relate to the bile duct
Bile duct anterior to portal vein and right of hepatic vein
what is the anatomy of the gallbladder
Located on inferior surface of right lobe of liver
Characteristically conical/pear shaped
Divided into fundus, body and neck
what is the function of the gallbladder
store and concentrate bile, selectively absorbs bile salts, excrete cholesterol and mucus
what is the anatomy of the pancreas
Located posterior to stomach
Exocrine and endocrine gland
Exocrine – secrete digestive enzymes into duodenum
Endocrine – secrete hormones such as insulin
Divided into head, body and tail
Supplied by arteries (splenic, coeliac trunk, pancreaticduodenal), veins (pancreatic – drain into portal vein) and nerves (coeliac ganglia and vagus)
what is the exocrine pathway of the pancreas
Pancreatic secretions collect in small ducts, ducts join to form Wirsung, meets common bile duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla, then empties into duodenum at major duodenal papilla
what are diseases of the pancreas and their causes
Inflammation (pancreatitis)
Causes- gall stones, alcohol, CF, high levels of Ca or blood fats
Cancer
Causes – obstructive jaundice (gallstones), high alcohol intake, smoking, genetics
what is the spleen
Lymphoid organ – associated with lymphatic system and has an immune role
Blood gland – removes old blood cells, stores platelets, produces blood cells during foetal life
Delicate and friable (easily crumbled)
what is the anatomy of the spleen
Surrounded by a connective tissue capsule
Inner portion known as parenchyma – contains red and white pulp
Red pulp – blood filled sinuses
While pulp – lymphatic tissue
what is visceral pain
Pain felt from organs
Poorly localised in comparison to somatic pain due to innervation of structures (somatic vs autonomic innervation)
Described as dull, aching, pressure
Causes of referred pain – pain felt in different location to where organ or structure injured)
